Furniture Moving Richmond

Furniture Moving Richmond

Licensed movers

Their team is always ready to listen, respond, and adapt to their clients' needs, ensuring a smooth and stress-free moving process. Moreover, BBX Moving understands the value of time. Learn more about Furniture Moving Richmond here BBX Moving also introduces a unique tier system within their pricing structure. From the initial planning stages to the final unpacking, they've got you covered.
That's why they don't cut corners when it comes to securing your valuables.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Richmond packing experts

  1. Long-distance movers
  2. Moving supplies Richmond
  3. Commercial movers Richmond
  4. Movers with packing services
  5. Green moving services Richmond
  6. Moving checklist Richmond
  7. Heavy item movers Richmond
  8. Moving and logistics Richmond
  9. Best-rated movers Richmond
  10. Professional packers Richmond
  11. Moving services for seniors
  12. Richmond relocation packages
  13. Moving services for businesses
  14. Richmond packing experts
  15. Moving service guarantees
They're not just about transporting items from one place to another; they're about providing a comprehensive, stress-free experience. This approach demonstrates how eco-friendly practices can be seamlessly integrated into everyday services, offering a win-win for both the company and its environmentally conscious clientele. Learn more about Local Residential Moving in Richmond here.
They're not just about transporting items from one place to another; they're about providing a seamless moving experience tailored to each customer's unique needs. This seasoned group of professionals is adept at handling all aspects of relocation, from meticulous planning and packing to safe transportation and setup in the new location.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Experienced movers Richmond

  1. Richmond professional relocation
  2. Office moving services
  3. Apartment movers Richmond
  4. Moving services for large homes
  5. Long-distance movers
  6. Moving supplies Richmond
  7. Commercial movers Richmond
  8. Movers with packing services
  9. Green moving services Richmond
  10. Moving checklist Richmond
  11. Heavy item movers Richmond
  12. Moving and logistics Richmond
  13. Best-rated movers Richmond
  14. Professional packers Richmond
  15. Moving services for seniors
  16. Moving quotes Richmond
These accolades not only celebrated the company's excellence but also reinforced its status as a leader in the moving industry.
BBX Moving actively seeks out and values customer input to continuously refine and enhance their services. By keeping everyone informed about what to expect and when to expect it, they significantly reduce the anxiety and uncertainty that often accompany moving. From small apartment moves to large household relocations, BBX Moving's team of professional movers crafts custom strategies that ensure a smooth transition from one place to another.



Furniture Moving Richmond - Best moving company Richmond

  1. Custom packing services Richmond
  2. International moving Richmond
  3. Corporate relocation services
  4. Residential moving Richmond
  5. Fast movers Richmond
  6. Richmond moving agents
  7. Richmond professional relocation
  8. Office moving services
  9. Apartment movers Richmond
  10. Moving services for large homes
  11. Long-distance movers
  12. Moving supplies Richmond
  13. Commercial movers Richmond
  14. Movers with packing services
  15. Green moving services Richmond
  16. Moving checklist Richmond


Furniture Moving Richmond - Moving with pets Richmond

  1. Moving company pricing
  2. Moving technology Richmond
  3. Unpacking services Richmond
  4. Cross-state moving Richmond
  5. Cross-city movers Richmond
  6. Furniture assembly Richmond
  7. Moving and packing Richmond
  8. Richmond storage solutions
  9. Moving help Richmond
  10. Reliable moving company
  11. Moving industry Richmond
  12. Household goods movers Richmond
  13. Local moving company
  14. Furniture moving Richmond
  15. Student movers Richmond
  16. Richmond moving rates
  17. Long-term storage Richmond
  18. Local relocation Richmond
  19. Affordable moving services

Plus, their terms are flexible, allowing you to extend your storage time as needed without hassle. BBX Moving's commitment to excellence shines through in the glowing testimonials from satisfied customers. Over the past decade, they've shown a deep commitment to the Richmond area, not only through top-notch moving services but also by actively participating in community events and initiatives. They're not taking any chances when it comes to protecting their clients' valuables. It's not just about reducing the volume of items to move; it's about seizing the opportunity to start fresh.

Unpacking services are also available to help you get settled quickly. Every mover is equipped with the skills and knowledge to ensure that furniture isn't only transported safely but also installed correctly at its new location. In the bustling city of Richmond, BBX Moving emerges as a lighthouse guiding residents through the often-stormy seas of relocation.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Full-service moving Richmond

  1. Licensed movers
  2. Full-service moving Richmond
  3. Moving cost estimator
  4. Best moving company Richmond
  5. Richmond relocation packages
  6. Moving services for businesses
  7. Richmond packing experts
  8. Moving service guarantees
  9. Experienced movers Richmond
  10. Move-in/move-out cleaning services
  11. Richmond home transition services
  12. Moving boxes Richmond
  13. Emergency moving services Richmond
  14. Packing services Richmond
  15. Moving company near me
In addition to their geographical coverage, BBX Moving takes pride in their ability to offer a range of services tailored to each specific area.

Their professional movers are trained to handle everything from delicate heirlooms to hefty furniture with the utmost respect and efficiency. Their professional movers are equipped with the right tools and knowledge to handle your items with the utmost care. They're punctual, respectful, and always ready to go the extra mile to meet your needs. This competitive rate advantage allows customers to access a range of services, from packing and unpacking to secure storage solutions, all without breaking the bank.

In addition to their reusable plastic boxes, BBX Moving also offers a range of sustainable packing materials, ensuring every aspect of your move is eco-friendly. In today's fast-paced world, BBX Moving offers flexible storage options tailored to meet the diverse needs of its Richmond clientele.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Richmond moving reviews

  1. Professional packers Richmond
  2. Moving services for seniors
  3. Same-day moving Richmond
  4. Moving with pets Richmond
  5. Moving quotes Richmond
  6. Moving company pricing
  7. Moving technology Richmond
  8. Unpacking services Richmond
  9. Cross-state moving Richmond
  10. Cross-city movers Richmond
  11. Furniture assembly Richmond
  12. Moving and packing Richmond
  13. Richmond storage solutions
  14. Moving help Richmond
  15. Reliable moving company
  16. Moving industry Richmond
  17. Household goods movers Richmond
  18. Local moving company
When unpacking, start with the essentials, setting up bedrooms and bathrooms first to make your new space livable. By clearly labeling and inventorying each box, they make sure you can easily find everything when you're settling into your new home.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Full-service moving Richmond

  1. Furniture assembly Richmond
  2. Moving and packing Richmond
  3. Richmond storage solutions
  4. Moving help Richmond
  5. Reliable moving company
  6. Moving industry Richmond
  7. Household goods movers Richmond
  8. Local moving company
  9. Furniture moving Richmond
  10. Student movers Richmond
  11. Richmond moving rates
  12. Long-term storage Richmond
  13. Local relocation Richmond
  14. Affordable moving services
  15. Moving specialists Richmond
  16. Moving assistance Richmond
  17. Professional moving services


Discount Moving Company Richmond

Entity Name Description Source
Richmond, British Columbia A coastal city in British Columbia, Canada, known for its vibrant community, proximity to Vancouver, and multicultural heritage. Source
Moving company A business that assists individuals or organizations in transporting goods from one location to another, often providing additional services like packing, storage, and logistics. Source
Customer satisfaction A measurement that determines how products or services provided by a company meet or surpass customer expectations, often used as a key performance indicator for businesses. Source
Seafair A residential area in Richmond, British Columbia, known for its scenic beauty, family-friendly environment, and proximity to the Fraser River. Source
Logistics The detailed organization and implementation of complex operations, often involving the transportation, warehousing, and distribution of goods in supply chain management. Source

Cheap Moving Services Richmond

During the 2010 Winter Olympics, the Richmond Olympic Oval was a venue for long track speed skating events.

Affordable Richmond movers

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Allen Lambert Galleria

Old Toronto
Tourist attraction
Allen Lambert Galleria, 181 Bay St., Toronto, ON M5J 2T3
This glass & steel atrium & indoor pedestrian walkway is known for its modern, photogenic design.

Skylon Tower

Falls View
Tourist attraction, Restaurant, Observation deck
Skylon Tower, 5200 Robinson St, Niagara Falls, ON L2G 2A2
Observation tower featuring sweeping vistas of Niagara Falls plus an arcade & revolving restaurant.

Niagara Falls

Tourist attraction, Nature preserve
Niagara Falls, Niagara Falls, NY 14303, United States
Famous, towering waterfalls at the boundary of Canada & the United States, with tours & boat rides.

Horseshoe Falls of Canada

Tourist attraction
Horseshoe Falls of Canada, 6650 Niagara River Pkwy, Niagara Falls, ON L2E 6T2
Canadian portion of America's famous, towering Niagara Falls, with boat tours to the waterfall.

Monticello

Tourist attraction, Historical place, Historical landmark
Monticello, 1050 Monticello Loop, Charlottesville, VA 22902, United States
President Jefferson's stately 1769 mansion & slave plantation, with tours, a museum, a cafe & more.


Citations and other links

Office Relocation Services Richmond

BBX Moving doesn't just throw your belongings in boxes; they meticulously wrap and protect each item, using high-quality packing materials designed to shield your possessions from damage during transit. They're equipped to handle moves of any size and distance, whether you're moving across town or across the country. BBX Moving sets itself apart by offering durable, eco-friendly plastic moving box rentals, a convenient alternative to traditional cardboard boxes. Moreover, move management isn't just about logistics; it's also about communication. They offer customizable moving plans, tailoring their services to meet the specific needs and timelines of their clients.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Moving with pets Richmond

  1. Furniture assembly Richmond
  2. Moving and packing Richmond
  3. Richmond storage solutions
  4. Moving help Richmond
  5. Reliable moving company
  6. Moving industry Richmond
  7. Household goods movers Richmond
  8. Local moving company
  9. Furniture moving Richmond
  10. Student movers Richmond
  11. Richmond moving rates
  12. Long-term storage Richmond
  13. Local relocation Richmond
  14. Affordable moving services
  15. Moving specialists Richmond


With BBX Moving, customers can expect nothing less than a supportive, responsive, and high-quality moving experience. These stories are just a few examples of how BBX Moving is revolutionizing the moving experience in Richmond. Greg's experience highlights BBX's appeal to a wide range of customers, from families to small business owners and students. This meticulous attention to detail minimizes the risk of damage during the moving process.

This capability ensures that no matter how far clients are relocating, their move is in reliable hands. They pride themselves on transparency, so you can expect no hidden fees. Recognizing the unique challenges that come with each move, BBX Moving also offers specialized services such as packing and unpacking, providing clients with the peace of mind that their belongings are handled with care. This initial consultation helps them tailor a moving plan that fits your specific requirements, eliminating any guesswork on moving day.

Their attention to detail and customer-first approach quickly set them apart. Moreover, BBX Moving keeps communication lines open throughout the entire process. This level of support isn't always guaranteed in the moving industry, making BBX Moving stand out among its competitors. By selling, donating, or discarding items that are no longer needed, customers can lower the volume of goods to be transported, directly impacting the moving cost.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Moving quotes Richmond

  1. Moving help for elderly Richmond
  2. Richmond moving reviews
  3. Same-day moving Richmond
  4. Moving with pets Richmond
  5. Moving quotes Richmond
  6. Moving company pricing
  7. Moving technology Richmond
  8. Unpacking services Richmond
  9. Cross-state moving Richmond
  10. Cross-city movers Richmond
  11. Furniture assembly Richmond
  12. Moving and packing Richmond
  13. Richmond storage solutions
  14. Moving help Richmond
  15. Reliable moving company
  16. Moving industry Richmond
  17. Household goods movers Richmond
  18. Local moving company
  19. Furniture moving Richmond


Office Relocation Services Richmond
Office Movers Richmond

Office Movers Richmond

It's clear that for those in Richmond and beyond, BBX Moving is the go-to company for local and long-distance moves that exceed expectations. Moreover, their support for community events showcases how they go beyond mere business transactions to truly engage with and uplift the community. This delivery service eliminates the need for customers to pick up the boxes themselves, saving them time and hassle.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Emergency moving services Richmond

  1. Heavy item movers Richmond
  2. Moving and logistics Richmond
  3. Best-rated movers Richmond
  4. Professional packers Richmond
  5. Moving services for seniors
  6. Moving boxes Richmond
  7. Emergency moving services Richmond
  8. Packing services Richmond
  9. Moving company near me
  10. Moving help for elderly Richmond
  11. Richmond moving reviews
  12. Same-day moving Richmond
  13. Moving with pets Richmond
  14. Moving quotes Richmond
  15. Moving company pricing
  16. Moving technology Richmond
  17. Unpacking services Richmond
  18. Cross-state moving Richmond
  19. Cross-city movers Richmond
They're keen on details, ensuring that each item, whether large or fragile, is accounted for and has a specific plan for safe transport.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Same-day moving Richmond

  1. Moving services for seniors
  2. Experienced movers Richmond
  3. Move-in/move-out cleaning services
  4. Richmond home transition services
  5. Moving boxes Richmond
  6. Emergency moving services Richmond
  7. Packing services Richmond
  8. Moving company near me
  9. Moving help for elderly Richmond
  10. Richmond moving reviews
  11. Same-day moving Richmond
  12. Moving with pets Richmond
  13. Moving quotes Richmond
  14. Moving company pricing
  15. Moving technology Richmond
  16. Unpacking services Richmond
  17. Cross-state moving Richmond
  18. Cross-city movers Richmond


Serving Richmond and extending their reach beyond, this team of trusted furniture installation and moving experts has carved a niche in delivering unparalleled service. In essence, BBX Moving's team of expert movers aren't just the backbone of the company-they're the heart and soul.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Best moving company Richmond

  1. Student movers Richmond
  2. Richmond moving rates
  3. Long-term storage Richmond
  4. Local relocation Richmond
  5. Affordable moving services
  6. Moving specialists Richmond
  7. Moving assistance Richmond
  8. Professional moving services
  9. Custom packing services Richmond
  10. International moving Richmond
  11. Corporate relocation services
  12. Residential moving Richmond
  13. Fast movers Richmond
  14. Richmond moving agents
  15. Richmond professional relocation
  16. Office moving services
  17. Apartment movers Richmond
  18. Moving services for large homes
They provide clear, upfront quotes without hidden fees, ensuring clients know exactly what to expect.

This initial contact is crucial, as it's where you'll share the details of your moving needs, whether it's a local move within Richmond or a more extensive relocation. They'll want to know your current location, destination, the size of your home, and your preferred moving date. This approach eliminates surprises, allowing individuals to budget effectively for their move.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Richmond packing experts

  1. Moving technology Richmond
  2. Unpacking services Richmond
  3. Cross-state moving Richmond
  4. Cross-city movers Richmond
  5. Furniture assembly Richmond
  6. Moving and packing Richmond
  7. Richmond storage solutions
  8. Moving help Richmond
  9. Reliable moving company
  10. Moving industry Richmond
  11. Household goods movers Richmond
  12. Local moving company
  13. Furniture moving Richmond
  14. Student movers Richmond
  15. Richmond moving rates
  16. Long-term storage Richmond
  17. Local relocation Richmond
  18. Affordable moving services
  19. Moving specialists Richmond
  20. Moving assistance Richmond


Another success story comes from the Thompson family, who faced the daunting task of moving a four-bedroom house. Its story of growth isn't just about expanding services or increasing profits; it's about building trust within the Richmond community and beyond. BBX Moving offers insights into making this process as smooth as possible, emphasizing the importance of smart packing practices.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Moving cost estimator

  1. Movers with packing services
  2. Green moving services Richmond
  3. Moving checklist Richmond
  4. Heavy item movers Richmond
  5. Moving and logistics Richmond
  6. Best-rated movers Richmond
  7. Professional packers Richmond
  8. Moving services for seniors
  9. Moving company near me
  10. Moving help for elderly Richmond
  11. Richmond moving reviews
  12. Same-day moving Richmond
  13. Moving with pets Richmond
  14. Moving quotes Richmond
  15. Moving company pricing


Affordable Richmond Local Movers

This expansion allowed BBX Moving to extend its reach, offering services to a broader range of clients across Richmond and beyond. BBX Moving's commitment to punctuality means their clients aren't left waiting. It's clear that BBX Moving didn't just want to join the industry; they wanted to redefine it. They understand that each move is unique, and that's why they've developed a range of services designed to offer flexibility and convenience to their clients.
Booking early can secure your preferred moving date and potentially lower costs. Their staff is trained to offer solutions and alternatives that align with the unique preferences and requirements of each customer. It's this attention to detail and adaptability that makes BBX Moving the go-to choice for those seeking a stress-free moving experience in Richmond.
They're not in the business of surprises, except for the pleasant kind, like showing up on time, every time. They listen, they adapt, and they strive to exceed expectations at every turn.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Best moving company Richmond

  1. Experienced movers Richmond
  2. Move-in/move-out cleaning services
  3. Richmond home transition services
  4. Moving boxes Richmond
  5. Emergency moving services Richmond
  6. Packing services Richmond
  7. Moving company near me
  8. Moving help for elderly Richmond
  9. Richmond moving reviews
  10. Same-day moving Richmond
  11. Moving with pets Richmond
  12. Moving quotes Richmond
  13. Moving company pricing
  14. Moving technology Richmond
  15. Unpacking services Richmond
  16. Cross-state moving Richmond
  17. Cross-city movers Richmond
Read more about Furniture Moving Richmond here Jessica's review highlighted the company's attention to detail, stating, 'They paid attention to the little things, which really made a difference.
They're experts at packing everything from delicate dishes and glassware to bulky furniture and electronics. Add exceptional customer support and state-of-the-art storage facilities to the mix, and you've got a recipe for a stress-free move. BBX Moving revolutionizes the Richmond moving experience by offering tailored relocation solutions designed to meet each client's unique needs.

Affordable Richmond Local Movers
Richmond Residential Moving Experts
Richmond Residential Moving Experts

With BBX Moving, clients can rest assured that their valuable art is in the safest hands, making their relocation process worry-free. Their commitment to transparency and customer service has made them a go-to choice for those facing the daunting task of a long-distance move. This honesty fosters trust and reassures clients that they're dealing with a reputable company. The boxes arrive clean, sturdy, and ready to be packed.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Moving service guarantees

  1. Moving assistance Richmond
  2. Professional moving services
  3. Custom packing services Richmond
  4. International moving Richmond
  5. Corporate relocation services
  6. Residential moving Richmond
  7. Fast movers Richmond
  8. Richmond moving agents
  9. Richmond professional relocation
  10. Office moving services
  11. Apartment movers Richmond
  12. Moving services for large homes
  13. Long-distance movers
  14. Moving supplies Richmond
  15. Commercial movers Richmond


Their strategies for cross-country moving and interstate relocation tips ensure a seamless transition for clients. Their dedication to customer satisfaction is evident in every move they undertake. They're always looking to address the needs of their customers, adapting and growing their reach to accommodate more locations.

BBX Moving isn't just about relocating goods; it's deeply rooted in Richmond through its strong community ties. BBX Moving's software also streamlines the inventory process, ensuring that all items are accounted for.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Moving service guarantees

  1. Furniture moving Richmond
  2. Student movers Richmond
  3. Richmond moving rates
  4. Long-term storage Richmond
  5. Local relocation Richmond
  6. Affordable moving services
  7. Moving specialists Richmond
  8. Moving assistance Richmond
  9. Professional moving services
  10. Custom packing services Richmond
  11. International moving Richmond
  12. Corporate relocation services
  13. Residential moving Richmond
  14. Fast movers Richmond
  15. Richmond moving agents
Whether it's a straightforward cash payment, credit card, or even a structured installment plan, BBX Moving's got you covered.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Full-service moving Richmond

  1. International moving Richmond
  2. Corporate relocation services
  3. Residential moving Richmond
  4. Fast movers Richmond
  5. Richmond moving agents
  6. Richmond professional relocation
  7. Office moving services
  8. Apartment movers Richmond
  9. Moving services for large homes
  10. Long-distance movers
  11. Moving supplies Richmond
  12. Commercial movers Richmond
  13. Movers with packing services
  14. Green moving services Richmond
  15. Moving checklist Richmond
  16. Heavy item movers Richmond
  17. Moving and logistics Richmond
  18. Best-rated movers Richmond
  19. Professional packers Richmond


There are typically two types of moving insurance: Full Value Protection and Released Value Protection. BBX Moving doesn't just hire anyone; they look for individuals who are as committed to customer service as they're to the art of moving. Customers start by visiting the BBX Moving website, where they're greeted with an intuitive interface.

Richmond BC long-distance movers

They're not just offering a one-size-fits-all service; they're tailoring their offerings to match the unique needs of each client. If you decide to proceed, they'll set you up with a dedicated move coordinator. BBX Moving frequently emphasizes the importance of meticulous planning to ensure a smooth and stress-free relocation experience. They're considering the incorporation of electric moving vans into their fleet and are researching the most effective recycling practices for packing materials. This meticulous attention to detail is what sets them apart and underscores the importance of professional move management.
They understand that each item has its own story and significance, treating everything from your fragile heirlooms to bulky furniture with the utmost care. BBX Moving understands that items like wood furniture, electronics, and artwork can suffer in traditional storage environments. First on the list is sorting items by category. By providing durable, eco-friendly moving boxes and tailoring their services to meet diverse needs, they're not just facilitating smoother moves-they're building a loyal customer base that feels supported through every step of their relocation journey.
Beyond securing your belongings with high-quality materials, BBX Moving streamlines the relocation process through their timely and efficient procedures.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Richmond relocation packages

  1. Professional moving services
  2. Custom packing services Richmond
  3. International moving Richmond
  4. Corporate relocation services
  5. Residential moving Richmond
  6. Fast movers Richmond
  7. Richmond moving agents
  8. Richmond professional relocation
  9. Office moving services
  10. Apartment movers Richmond
  11. Moving services for large homes
  12. Long-distance movers
  13. Moving supplies Richmond
  14. Commercial movers Richmond
  15. Movers with packing services
  16. Green moving services Richmond
  17. Moving checklist Richmond
  18. Heavy item movers Richmond
  19. Moving and logistics Richmond
  20. Best-rated movers Richmond
They don't rush through the job. Moreover, plastic box rentals present a cost-effective solution for consumers. They recommend starting the moving process early by decluttering and organizing items to ensure a smoother move.
Moreover, BBX's inventory management system allows for easy tracking and retrieval of your possessions, giving you peace of mind.

Furniture Moving Richmond - Licensed movers

  1. Furniture assembly Richmond
  2. Moving and packing Richmond
  3. Richmond storage solutions
  4. Moving help Richmond
  5. Reliable moving company
  6. Moving industry Richmond
  7. Household goods movers Richmond
  8. Local moving company
  9. Furniture moving Richmond
  10. Student movers Richmond
  11. Richmond moving rates
  12. Long-term storage Richmond
  13. Local relocation Richmond
  14. Affordable moving services
  15. Moving specialists Richmond
  16. Moving assistance Richmond
  17. Professional moving services
  18. Custom packing services Richmond
They've developed a streamlined communication process where customers can easily reach out with concerns, questions, or updates regarding their move. This person becomes your point of contact, guiding you through every step of the process. BBX Moving makes it easy to access your stored items.

Explore Furniture Moving Richmond here
Richmond BC long-distance movers
Short visual history of furniture styles (from left to right): cloisonné plaque (Assyrian), Chair of Reniseneb (Ancient Egyptian), metal brazier with satyrs from Pompei (Greco-Roman), fall-front cabinet inlaid with ivory (Indian), low-back armchair (Chinese), casket with images of Cupids (Byzantine), wood and ivory furniture fragment (Islamic), chest (Gothic), analogion (Romanian Medieval), sideboard with two bodies (Renaissance), gilded table (Baroque), commode (Rococo), armchair with cornucopia (Louis XVI), secretary (Empire), fauteuil a joues armchair (19th century Eclecticism and/or Revivalism), vitrine (Art Nouveau), commode (Art Deco), IKEA kitchen cupboards and a table with glass top (Contemporary)

Furniture refers to objects intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., stools, chairs, and sofas), eating (tables), storing items, working, and sleeping (e.g., beds and hammocks). Furniture is also used to hold objects at a convenient height for work (as horizontal surfaces above the ground, such as tables and desks), or to store things (e.g., cupboards, shelves, and drawers). Furniture can be a product of design and can be considered a form of decorative art. In addition to furniture's functional role, it can serve a symbolic or religious purpose. It can be made from a vast multitude of materials, including metal, plastic, and wood. Furniture can be made using a variety of woodworking joints which often reflects the local culture.

People have been using natural objects, such as tree stumps, rocks and moss, as furniture since the beginning of human civilization and continues today in some households/campsites. Archaeological research shows that from around 30,000 years ago, people started to construct and carve their own furniture, using wood, stone, and animal bones. Early furniture from this period is known from artwork such as a Venus figurine found in Russia, depicting the goddess on a throne. The first surviving extant furniture is in the homes of Skara Brae in Scotland, and includes cupboards, dressers and beds all constructed from stone. Complex construction techniques such as joinery began in the early dynastic period of ancient Egypt. This era saw constructed wooden pieces, including stools and tables, sometimes decorated with valuable metals or ivory. The evolution of furniture design continued in ancient Greece and ancient Rome, with thrones being commonplace as well as the klinai, multipurpose couches used for relaxing, eating, and sleeping. The furniture of the Middle Ages was usually heavy, oak, and ornamented. Furniture design expanded during the Italian Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth century. The seventeenth century, in both Southern and Northern Europe, was characterized by opulent, often gilded Baroque designs. The nineteenth century is usually defined by revival styles. The first three-quarters of the twentieth century are often seen as the march towards Modernism. One unique outgrowth of post-modern furniture design is a return to natural shapes and textures.[1]

Etymology

[edit]

The English word furniture is derived from the French word fourniture,[2] the noun form of fournir, which means to supply or provide.[3] Thus fourniture in French means supplies or provisions.[4] The English usage, referring specifically to household objects, is specific to that language;[5] French and other Romance languages as well as German use variants of the word meubles, which derives from Latin mobilia, meaning "moveable goods".[6]

History

[edit]

Prehistory

[edit]

The practice of using natural objects as rudimentary pieces of furniture likely dates to the beginning of human civilization.[7] Early humans are likely to have used tree stumps as seats, rocks as rudimentary tables, and mossy areas for sleeping.[7] During the late Paleolithic or early Neolithic period, from around 30,000 years ago, people began constructing and carving their own furniture, using wood, stone and animal bones.[8] The earliest evidence for the existence of constructed furniture is a Venus figurine found at the Gagarino site in Russia, which depicts the goddess in a sitting position, on a throne.[9] A similar statue of a seated woman was found in Çatalhöyük in Turkey, dating to between 6000 and 5500 BCE.[7] The inclusion of such a seat in the figurines implies that these were already common artefacts of that age.[9]

A range of unique stone furniture has been excavated in Skara Brae, a Neolithic village in Orkney, Scotland The site dates from 3100 to 2500 BCE and due to a shortage of wood in Orkney, the people of Skara Brae were forced to build with stone, a readily available material that could be worked easily and turned into items for use within the household. Each house shows a high degree of sophistication and was equipped with an extensive assortment of stone furniture, ranging from cupboards, dressers, and beds to shelves, stone seats, and limpet tanks. The stone dresser was regarded as the most important as it symbolically faces the entrance in each house and is therefore the first item seen when entering, perhaps displaying symbolic objects, including decorative artwork such as several Neolithic carved stone balls also found at the site.

Antiquity

[edit]

Ancient furniture has been excavated from the 8th-century BCE Phrygian tumulus, the Midas Mound, in Gordion, Turkey. Pieces found here include tables and inlaid serving stands. There are also surviving works from the 9th–8th-century BCE Assyrian palace of Nimrud. The earliest surviving carpet, the Pazyryk Carpet was discovered in a frozen tomb in Siberia and has been dated between the 6th and 3rd century BCE.

Ancient Egypt

[edit]

Civilization in ancient Egypt began with the clearance and irrigation of land along the banks of the River Nile,[10] which began in about 6000 BCE. By that time, society in the Nile Valley was already engaged in organized agriculture and the construction of large buildings.[11] At this period, Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and also constructing large buildings. Mortar was in use by around 4000 BCE The inhabitants of the Nile Valley and delta were self-sufficient and were raising barley and emmer (an early variety of wheat) and stored it in pits lined with reed mats.[12] They raised cattle, goats and pigs and they wove linens and baskets.[12] Evidence of furniture from the predynastic period is scarce, but samples from First Dynasty tombs indicate an already advanced use of furnishings in the houses of the age.[13]

During the Dynastic Period, which began in around 3200 BCE, Egyptian art developed significantly, and this included furniture design.[14] Egyptian furniture was primarily constructed using wood, but other materials were sometimes used, such as leather,[15] and pieces were often adorned with gold, silver, ivory and ebony, for decoration.[15] Wood found in Egypt was not suitable for furniture construction, so it had to be imported into the country from other places,[14] particularly Phoenicia.[16] The scarcity of wood necessitated innovation in construction techniques. The use of scarf joints to join two shorter pieces together and form a longer beam was one example of this,[17] as well as construction of veneers in which low quality cheap wood was used as the main building material, with a thin layer of expensive wood on the surface.[18]

The earliest used seating furniture in the dynastic period was the stool, which was used throughout Egyptian society, from the royal family down to ordinary citizens.[19] Various different designs were used, including stools with four vertical legs, and others with crossed splayed legs; almost all had rectangular seats, however.[19] Examples include the workman's stool, a simple three legged structure with a concave seat, designed for comfort during labour,[20] and the much more ornate folding stool, with crossed folding legs,[21] which were decorated with carved duck heads and ivory,[21] and had hinges made of bronze.[19] Full chairs were much rarer in early Egypt, being limited to only wealthy and high ranking people, and seen as a status symbol; they did not reach ordinary households until the 18th dynasty.[22] Early examples were formed by adding a straight back to a stool, while later chairs had an inclined back.[22] Other furniture types in ancient Egypt include tables, which are heavily represented in art, but almost nonexistent as preserved items – perhaps because they were placed outside tombs rather than within,[23] as well as beds and storage chests.[24][25]

Ancient Greece

[edit]
Three illustrations of ancient Greek chairs, each being notated with a letter: a, b-klismos, and c-chair

Historical knowledge of Greek furniture is derived from various sources, including literature, terracotta, sculptures, statuettes, and painted vases.[26] Some pieces survive to this day, primarily those constructed from metals, including bronze, or marble.[26] Wood was an important and common material in Greek furniture, both domestic and imported.[26] A common technique was to construct the main sections of the furniture with cheap solid wood, then apply a veneer using an expensive wood, such as maple or ebony.[26] Greek furniture construction also made use of dowels and tenons for joining the wooden parts of a piece together.[26] Wood was shaped by carving, steam treatment, and the lathe, and furniture is known to have been decorated with ivory, tortoise shell, glass, gold or other precious materials.[27]

The modern word "throne" is derived from the ancient Greek thronos (Greek singular: θρÏŒνος), which was a seat designated for deities or individuals of high status/hierarchy or honor.[28] The colossal chryselephantine statue of Zeus at Olympia, constructed by Phidias and lost in antiquity, featured the god Zeus seated on an elaborate throne, which was decorated with gold, precious stones, ebony and ivory, according to Pausanias.[29] Other Greek seats included the klismos, an elegant Greek chair with a curved backrest and legs whose form was copied by the Romans and is now part of the vocabulary of furniture design,[30] the backless stool (diphros), which existed in most Greek homes,[31] and folding stool.[32] The kline, used from the late seventh century BCE,[33] was a multipurpose piece used as a bed, but also as a sofa and for reclining during meals.[34] It was rectangular and supported on four legs, two of which could be longer than the other, providing support for an armrest or headboard.[35] Mattresses, rugs, and blankets may have been used, but there is no evidence for sheets.[34]

In general, Greek tables were low and often appear in depictions alongside klinai.[36] The most common type of Greek table had a rectangular top supported on three legs, although numerous configurations exist, including trapezoid and circular.[37] Tables in ancient Greece were used mostly for dining purposes – in depictions of banquets, it appears as though each participant would have used a single table, rather than a collective use of a larger piece.[38] Tables also figured prominently in religious contexts, as indicated in vase paintings, for example, the wine vessel associated with Dionysus, dating to around 450 BCE and now housed at the Art Institute of Chicago.[39] Chests were used for storage of clothes and personal items and were usually rectangular with hinged lids.[37] Chests depicted in terracotta show elaborate patterns and design, including the Greek fret.[34]

Ancient Rome

[edit]

Roman furniture was based heavily on Greek furniture, in style and construction. Rome gradually superseded Greece as the foremost culture of Europe, leading eventually to Greece becoming a province of Rome in 146 BC. Rome thus took over production and distribution of Greek furniture, and the boundary between the two is blurred. The Romans did have some limited innovation outside of Greek influence, and styles distinctly their own.[40]

Roman furniture was constructed principally using wood, metal and stone, with marble and limestone used for outside furniture. Very little wooden furniture survives intact, but there is evidence that a variety of woods were used, including maple, citron, beech, oak, and holly. Some imported wood such as satinwood was used for decoration. The most commonly used metal was bronze, of which numerous examples have survived, for example, headrests for couches and metal stools. Similar to the Greeks, Romans used tenons, dowels, nails, and glue to join wooden pieces together, and also practised veneering.[40]

The 1738 and 1748 excavations of Herculaneum and Pompeii revealed Roman furniture, preserved in the ashes of the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius.

 

Middle Ages

[edit]
Gothic credenza; 1440–1450; walnut and intarsia; 147.3 x 317.5 x 63.5 cm; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York City)

In contrast to the ancient civilizations of Egypt, Greece, and Rome, there is comparatively little evidence of furniture from the 5th to the 15th century.[41] Very few extant pieces survive, and evidence in literature is also scarce.[41] It is likely that the style of furniture prevalent in late antiquity persisted throughout the Middle Ages.[41] For example, a throne similar to that of Zeus is depicted in a sixth-century diptych,[41] while the Bayeux tapestry shows Edward the Confessor and Harold seated on seats similar to the Roman sella curulis.[42] The furniture of the Middle Ages was usually heavy, oak, and ornamented with carved designs.

The Hellenistic influence upon Byzantine furniture can be seen through the use of acanthus leaves, palmettes, bay and olive leaves as ornaments. Oriental influences manifest through rosettes, arabesques and the geometric stylisation of certain vegetal motifs. Christianity brings symbols in Byzantine ornamentation: the pigeon, fishes, the lamb and vines.[43] The furniture from Byzantine houses and palaces was usually luxurious, highly decorated and finely ornamented. Stone, marble, metal, wood and ivory are used. Surfaces and ornaments are gilded, painted plychrome, plated with sheets of gold, emailed in bright colors, and covered in precious stones. The variety of Byzantine furniture is pretty big: tables with square, rectangle or round top, sumptuous decorated, made of wood sometimes inlaid, with bronze, ivory or silver ornaments; chairs with high backs and with wool blankets or animal furs, with coloured pillows, and then banks and stools; wardrobes were used only for storing books; cloths and valuable objects were kept in chests, with iron locks; the form of beds imitated the Roman ones, but have different designs of legs.[44]

The main ornament of Gothic furniture and all applied arts is the ogive. The geometric rosette accompanies the ogive many times, having a big variety of forms. Architectural elements are used at furniture, at the beginning with purely decorative reasons, but later as structure elements. Besides the ogive, the main ornaments are: acanthus leaves, ivy, oak leaves, haulms, clovers, fleurs-de-lis, knights with shields, heads with crowns and characters from the Bible. Chests are the main type of Gothic furniture used by the majority of the population. Usually, the locks and escutcheon of chests have also an ornamental scope, being finely made.[45]

Renaissance

[edit]

Along with the other arts, the Italian Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth century marked a rebirth in design, often inspired by the Greco-Roman tradition. A similar explosion of design, and renaissance of culture in general occurred in Northern Europe, starting in the fifteenth century.

17th and 18th centuries

[edit]

The 17th century, in both Southern and Northern Europe, was characterized by opulent, often gilded Baroque designs that frequently incorporated a profusion of vegetal and scrolling ornament. Starting in the eighteenth century, furniture designs began to develop more rapidly. Although there were some styles that belonged primarily to one nation, such as Palladianism in Great Britain or Louis Quinze in French furniture, others, such as the Rococo and Neoclassicism were perpetuated throughout Western Europe.

During the 18th century, the fashion was set in England by the French art. In the beginning of the century Boulle cabinets were at the peak of their popularity and Louis XIV was reigning in France. In this era, most of the furniture had metal and enamelled decorations in it and some of the furniture was covered in inlays of marbles lapis lazuli, and porphyry and other stones. By mid-century this Baroque style was displaced by the graceful curves, shining ormolu, and intricate marquetry of the Rococo style, which in turn gave way around 1770 to the more severe lines of Neoclassicism, modeled after the architecture of ancient Greece and Rome.[52] Creating a mass market for furniture, the distinguished London cabinet maker Thomas Chippendale's The Gentleman and Cabinet Maker's Director (1754) is regarded as the "first comprehensive trade catalogue of its kind".[53]

There is something so distinct in the development of taste in French furniture, marked out by the three styles to which the three monarchs have given the name of "Louis Quatorze", "Louis Quinze", and "Louis Seize". This will be evident to anyone who will visit, first the Palace of Versailles, then the Grand Trianon, and afterwards the Petit Trianon.[54]

19th century

[edit]
The Chevy Chase Sideboard by Gerrard Robinson. Often considered to be one of the finest furniture pieces of the 19th century and an icon of Victorian furniture.

The nineteenth century is usually defined by concurrent revival styles, including Gothic, Neoclassicism, and Rococo. The design reforms of the late century introduced the Aesthetic movement and the Arts and Crafts movement. Art Nouveau was influenced by both of these movements. Shaker-style furniture became popular during this time in North America as well.

Early North American

[edit]

This design was in many ways rooted in necessity and emphasizes both form and materials. Early British Colonial American[vague] chairs and tables are often constructed with turned spindles and chair backs often constructed with steaming to bend the wood. Wood choices tend to be deciduous hardwoods with a particular emphasis on the wood of edible or fruit bearing trees such as cherry or walnut.[citation needed]

Mid-Century Modern

[edit]
Eames Lounge (670) and Ottoman (671) 1956

The first three-quarters of the 20th century is seen as the march towards Modernism. The furniture designers of Art Deco, De Stijl, Bauhaus, Jugendstil, Wiener Werkstätte, and Vienna Secession all worked to some degree within the Modernist motto.

Born from the Bauhaus and Streamline Moderne came the post-World War II style "Mid-Century Modern". Mid-Century Modern materials developed during the war including laminated plywood, plastics, and fiberglass. Prime examples include furniture designed by George Nelson Associates, Charles and Ray Eames, Paul McCobb, Florence Knoll, Harry Bertoia, Eero Saarinen, Harvey Probber, Vladimir Kagan and Danish modern designers including Finn Juhl and Arne Jacobsen.

Contemporary

[edit]

Industrialisation, Post-Modernism, and the Internet have allowed furniture design to become more accessible to a wider range of people than ever before. There are many modern styles of furniture design, each with roots in Classical, Modernist, and Post-Modern design and art movements. The growth of Maker Culture across the Western sphere of influence has encouraged higher participation and development of new, more accessible furniture design techniques. One unique outgrowth of this post-modern furniture design trajectory is Live Edge, which incorporates the natural surface of a tree as part of a furniture object, heralding a resurgence of these natural shapes and textures within the home.[1] Additionally, the use of Epoxy Resin has become more prevalent in DIY furniture styles.

Ecodesign

[edit]
Stainless Steel Table with FSC Teca Wood – Brazil Ecodesign

Great efforts from individuals, governments, and companies has led to the manufacturing of products with higher sustainability known as Ecodesign. This new line of furniture is based on environmentally friendly design. Its use and popularity are increasing each year.[69]

Postmodernism

[edit]

Postmodern design, intersecting the Pop art movement, gained steam in the 1960s and 70s, promoted in the 80s by groups such as the Italy-based Memphis movement. Transitional furniture is intended to fill a place between Traditional and Modern tastes.[citation needed]

Asian history

[edit]

Asian furniture has a quite distinct history. The traditions out of India, China, Korea, Pakistan, Indonesia (Bali and Java) and Japan are some of the best known, but places such as Mongolia, and the countries of South East Asia have unique facets of their own.

Far Eastern

[edit]
Detail of a Chinese moon-gate bed from circa 1876

The use of uncarved wood and bamboo and the use of heavy lacquers are well known Chinese styles. It is worth noting that Chinese furniture varies dramatically from one dynasty to the next. Chinese ornamentation is highly inspired by paintings, with floral and plant life motifs including bamboo trees, chrysanthemums, waterlilies, irises, magnolias, flowers and branches of cherry, apple, apricot and plum, or elongated bamboo leaves; animal ornaments include lions, bulls, ducks, peacocks, parrots, pheasants, roosters, ibises and butterflies. The dragon is the symbol of earth fertility, and of the power and wisdom of the emperor. Lacquers are mostly populated with princesses, various Chinese people, soldiers, children, ritually and daily scenes. Architectural features tend toward geometric ornaments, like meanders and labyrinths. The interior of a Chinese house was simple and sober. All Chinese furniture is made of wood, usually ebony, teak, or rosewood for heavier furniture (chairs, tables and benches) and bamboo, pine and larch for lighter furniture (stools and small chairs).[70]

Traditional Japanese furniture is well known for its minimalist style, extensive use of wood, high-quality craftsmanship and reliance on wood grain instead of painting or thick lacquer. Japanese chests are known as Tansu, known for elaborate decorative iron work, and are some of the most sought-after of Japanese antiques. The antiques available generally date back to the Tokugawa and Meiji periods. Both the technique of lacquering and the specific lacquer (resin of Rhus vernicifera) originated in China, but the lacquer tree also grows well in Japan. The recipes of preparation are original to Japan: resin is mixed with wheat flour, clay or pottery powder, turpentine, iron powder or wood coal. In ornamentation, the chrysanthemum, known as kiku, the national flower, is a very popular ornament, including the 16-petal chrysanthemum symbolizing the Emperor. Cherry and apple flowers are used for decorating screens, vases and shōji. Common animal ornaments include dragons, carps, cranes, gooses, tigers, horses and monkeys; representations of architecture such as houses, pavilions, towers, torii gates, bridges and temples are also common. The furniture of a Japanese house consists of tables, shelves, wardrobes, small holders for flowers, bonsais or for bonkei, boxes, lanterns with wooden frames and translucent paper, neck and elbow holders, and jardinieres.[71]

Types

[edit]

For sitting

[edit]

Seating is amongst the oldest known furniture types, and authors including Encyclopædia Britannica regard it as the most important.[2] In addition to the functional design, seating has had an important decorative element from ancient times to the present day. This includes carved and sculpted pieces intended as works of art, as well as the styling of seats to indicate social importance, with senior figures or leaders granted the use of specially designed seats.[2]

The simplest form of seat is the chair,[72] which is a piece of furniture designed to allow a single person to sit down, which has a back and legs, as well as a platform for sitting.[73] Chairs often feature cushions made from various fabrics.[74]

Types of wood used

[edit]
Making of log furniture: cutting a bar stool from a piece of log

All different types of woods have unique signature marks that can help in easy identification of the type. Hardwood and softwood are the two main categories for wood. Both hardwoods and softwoods are used in furniture manufacturing, and each has its own specific uses. Deciduous trees, which have broad leaves that change color periodically throughout the year, are the source of hardwood. Coniferous trees, also known as cone-bearing trees, have small leaves or needles that stay on the tree throughout the year.[75][76] Common softwoods used include pine, redwood and yew. Higher quality furniture tends to be made out of hardwood, including oak, maple, mahogany, teak, walnut, cherry and birch. Highest quality wood will have been air dried to rid it of its moisture.[77]

Cherry

[edit]

A popular furniture hardwood is American black cherry. Cherry is a light reddish brown to brown color that intensifies into a rich color as it ages, and grows mostly in the eastern United States. Cherry has a tighter grain than birch and is softer. Much cherry lumber is narrow, and it has been utilized to make many lovely classic furniture pieces.[75]

Birch

[edit]

Birch is a sturdy, durable, even-textured hardwood that is common in the United States and Canada. The wood appears white or creamy yellow to light brown with a crimson tinge in its natural state. Birch is frequently stained to complement other types of wood in furniture. Birch is used to make a lot of transparent, cabinet-grade plywood because it absorbs stain well and finishes beautifully. Birch is frequently used to construct interior doors and cupboards in addition to furniture.[75]

Restoration of furniture

[edit]

Restoring a piece of furniture may imply attempting to repair and revive the original finish in some way. More often than not, this entails removing the existing treatment and preparing the raw wood for a new finish. Methods for repair depend on what kind of wood it is: solid or veneered, hardwood or softwood, open grained or closed grained. These variables can sometimes decide if a piece of furniture is worth repairing, as well as the type of repairs and finish it will require if it is restored. The 3 methods of restoring furniture are rejuvenate, repair, and refinish.

Rejuvenate The piece can easily be restored by just cleaning and waxing the surface while preserving the current finish. It works on wooden furniture that is still in good shape and is the simplest way to clean it.

Repair This process can fix dents and cracks by touching up some worn-out areas without removing the surface with this technique, the finish can be maintained while repairing the object with specialized products.

Refinish Remove anything that is left for example any paint with a finish-stripper product or lightly sanding the area down and then applying wood finish like oil wax in order to protect the secure the wood.[75]

Cleaning Remove dirt, dust, and grime from the furniture using a mild soap or specialized furniture cleaner.

Standards for design, functionality and safety

[edit]
Installment by L. Gargantini for the Bolzano fair, 1957. Photo by Paolo Monti (Fondo Paolo Monti, BEIC).
  • EN 527 Office furnitureWork tables and desks: This European standard specifies requirements and test methods for office work tables and desks, ensuring their functionality and safety.
  • EN 1335 Office furnitureOffice work chair: This European standard sets requirements for office chairs, focusing on ergonomics and comfort to promote user well-being and productivity.
  • ANSI/BIFMA X 5.1 Office Seating: This American National Standard, published by the Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association (BIFMA), provides requirements for the performance and durability of office seating.
  • DIN 4551 Office furniture; revolving office chair: This German standard covers revolving office chairs with adjustable backrests, armrests, and height, ensuring their quality and safety.
  • EN 581 Outdoor furniture – Seating and tables for camping, domestic and contract use: This European standard specifies the requirements for outdoor seating and tables used in various settings, including camping and domestic use.
  • EN 1728:2014 Furniture – Seating – Test methods for the determination of strength and durability: This European standard outlines test methods to assess the strength and durability of seating furniture, last updated in 2014.
  • EN 1730:2012 Furniture – Test methods for the determination of stability, strength, and durability: This European standard provides test methods to evaluate the stability, strength, and durability of various types of furniture.
  • BS 4875 Furniture. Strength and stability of furniture: This British Standard focuses on determining the stability of non-domestic storage furniture, helping ensure its safety and reliability.
  • EN 747 Furniture – Bunk beds and high beds – Test methods for the determination of stability, strength, and durability: This European standard sets test methods to assess the stability, strength, and durability of bunk beds and high beds.
  • EN 13150 Workbenches for laboratories – Safety requirements and test methods: This European standard specifies safety requirements and test methods for laboratory workbenches to ensure safe working conditions.
  • EN 1729 Educational furniture, chairs, and tables for educational institutions: This European standard outlines requirements for educational furniture, including chairs and tables, to support comfort and ergonomics in educational settings.
  • RAL-GZ 430 Furniture standard from Germany: RAL is a German standardization organization, and RAL-GZ 430 provides guidelines and standards for various types of furniture in Germany.
  • NEN 1812 Furniture standard from the Netherlands: NEN is the Dutch Institute for Standardization, and NEN 1812 sets standards for furniture in the Netherlands.
  • GB 28007-2011 Children's furniture – General technical requirements for children's furniture: This Chinese standard specifies technical requirements for children's furniture designed and manufactured for children aged 3 to 14.
  • BS 5852: 2006 Methods of test for assessment of the ignitability of upholstered seating: This British Standard outlines test methods to assess the ignitability of upholstered seating, both by smoldering and flaming ignition sources.
  • BS 7176: This British Standard specifies requirements for the resistance to ignition of upholstered furniture used in non-domestic settings through composite testing. These standards help ensure the quality, safety, and performance of various types of furniture in different regions and applications. Manufacturers and consumers often use these standards as guidelines to meet specific requirements and ensure product reliability.

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Gray, Channing. "Haute and cool: Fine Furnishings show branches out in 10th year with a bigger spread of classic and cutting-edge pieces". The Providence Journal.
  2. ^ a b c "Furniture". Encyclopædia Britannica. 23 February 2016. Archived from the original on 16 May 2016. Retrieved 16 May 2016.
  3. ^ "English Translation of "fournir"". Collins French-English Dictionary.
  4. ^ "English Translation of "fourniture"". Collins French-English Dictionary.
  5. ^ Weekley 2013, pp. 609–610.
  6. ^ Solodow 2010, p. 146.
  7. ^ a b c Smardzewski 2015, p. 4.
  8. ^ Smardzewski 2015, p. 1.
  9. ^ a b Smardzewski 2015, p. 2.
  10. ^ Roebuck 1966, p. 51.
  11. ^ Redford, Donald B. Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times. (Princeton: University Press, 1992), p. 6.
  12. ^ a b Roebuck 1966, p. 52.
  13. ^ Metropolitan Museum of Art 1999, p. 117.
  14. ^ a b Blakemore 2006, p. 1.
  15. ^ a b Blakemore 2006, p. 14.
  16. ^ Gadalla 2007, p. 243.
  17. ^ Smardzewski 2015, pp. 13–14.
  18. ^ Smardzewski 2015, p. 14.
  19. ^ a b c Blakemore 2006, p. 15.
  20. ^ Litchfield 2011, p. 6.
  21. ^ a b Litchfield 2011, pp. 6–7.
  22. ^ a b Blakemore 2006, p. 17.
  23. ^ Blakemore 2006, p. 21.
  24. ^ Blakemore 2006, p. 22.
  25. ^ Blakemore 2006, p. 24.
  26. ^ a b c d e Blakemore 2006, p. 39.
  27. ^ Richter 1966, p. 125.
  28. ^ Richter 1966, p. 13.
  29. ^ Richter 1966, pp. 14, NH 5.11.2ff.
  30. ^ Linda Maria Gigante, "Funerary Art," in The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece and Rome, Vol. 1, ed. Michael Gagarin and Elaine Fantham (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010), 246.
  31. ^ Guhl, E.; Koner, W. (1989). Everyday Life in Greek and Roman Times. New York: Crescent. p. 133.
  32. ^ Wanscher 1980, p. 83.
  33. ^ Simpson, 253.[full citation needed]
  34. ^ a b c Blakemore 2006, p. 43.
  35. ^ Andrianou, 36.[full citation needed]
  36. ^ Richter 1966, p. 63.
  37. ^ a b Blakemore 2006, p. 42.
  38. ^ Richter 1966, p. 66.
  39. ^ Chicago Painter. "Stamnos (Mixing Jar)". Art Institute of Chicago.
  40. ^ a b Blakemore 2006, p. 61.
  41. ^ a b c d Lucie-Smith 1979, p. 33.
  42. ^ Lucie-Smith 1979, p. 35.
  43. ^ Bucătaru 1991, p. 172.
  44. ^ Bucătaru 1991, p. 174.
  45. ^ Bucătaru 1991, pp. 206, 207, 209, 210 & 211.
  46. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
  47. ^ Vazaca, Marina (1999). Muzeul NaÈ›ional de Artă al României Ghidul ColecÈ›iilor (in Romanian). Muzeul NaÈ›ional de Artă al României. p. 70. ISBN 2-7118-3840-4.
  48. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
  49. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
  50. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
  51. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
  52. ^ unknown (18 September 2013) [before 1923]. A history of feminine fashion. Nabu Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-289-62694-5.
  53. ^ Houghton Mifflin Company (2003). The Houghton Mifflin Dictionary of Biography. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 317. ISBN 978-0618252107.
  54. ^ Litchfield 2011, p. 211.
  55. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
  56. ^ "Pier Table". The Art Institute of Chicago.
  57. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 70. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
  58. ^ Bailey 2012, p. 287.
  59. ^ "Slant-Front Desk". The Art Institute of Chicago.
  60. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 59. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
  61. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
  62. ^ Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
  63. ^ a b Jacquemart, Albert (2012). Decorative Art. Parkstone. p. 61. ISBN 978-1-84484-899-7.
  64. ^ Odile, Nouvel-Kammerer (2007). Symbols of Power • Napoleon and the Art of the Empire Style • 1800–1815. Abrams. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-8109-9345-7.
  65. ^ Odile, Nouvel-Kammerer (2007). Symbols of Power • Napoleon and the Art of the Empire Style • 1800–1815. Abrams. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-8109-9345-7.
  66. ^ Odile, Nouvel-Kammerer (2007). Symbols of Power • Napoleon and the Art of the Empire Style • 1800–1815. Abrams. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-8109-9345-7.
  67. ^ "Desk". philamuseum.org. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  68. ^ "Paris et l'Art Nouveau". Nº281 Dossier de l'Art (in French). Éditions Faton. 2020.
  69. ^ "Ecodesign Report – The Results of a survey Amongst Australian Industrial Design Consultancies". Big's Furniture. Archived from the original on 19 February 2018. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
  70. ^ Bucătaru 1991, pp. 152, 153, 154 & 156.
  71. ^ Bucătaru 1991, p. 164, 165 & 166.
  72. ^ "Physique of office chair". Foss Alborg. 15 August 2016. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  73. ^ "Definition of CHAIR". www.merriam-webster.com. 3 June 2023.
  74. ^ Jefferys, Chris (2006). Soft Furnishings. New Holland Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84330-903-1 – via Google Books.
  75. ^ a b c d Hingley, Brian D. (2021). Ultimate guide to furniture repair & refinishing : restore, rebuild, and renew wooden furniture. Fox Chapel Publishing Company, Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-58011-843-9. OCLC 1273413610.
  76. ^ "Types of Wood". Hoove Designs. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
  77. ^ Abbas, Abe. "Judge Quality in Wood Furniture". About.com. Archived from the original on 18 May 2015. Retrieved 9 May 2015.

References

[edit]
[edit]

 

 

 

Mover or movers may refer to:

Persons with the surname

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Frequently Asked Questions

BBX Moving offers eco-friendly moving options to lessen the environmental impact. They provide reusable packing materials and efficient logistics planning to reduce carbon emissions, demonstrating their commitment to sustainability during relocations.

BBX Moving tackles unexpected weather on moving day by adjusting schedules, using protective gear, and ensuring safe transport. They're committed to keeping both the move and their clients' belongings secure despite the weather.

BBX Moving is upfront about costs, so customers usually don't face hidden fees. However, it's best they clarify all potential charges not included in the initial quote to avoid unexpected expenses during their move.