Scenic tours in Victoria BC

Scenic tours in Victoria BC

Victoria multi-day tours

They go above and beyond to make sure your Scenic tours in Victoria BC sightseeing adventure is as enjoyable and hassle-free as possible, making them the clear choice for anyone looking to explore this beautiful city. After exploring the coastal and vineyard charms of the Mornington Peninsula, we'll guide you through the serene pathways of the Royal Botanic Gardens. Our guided tours are designed to give you an immersive experience, with visits to several hand-picked wineries. With Star Sightseeing, you're not just another tourist. Learn more about Scenic tours in Victoria BC here They've got you covered, from toddlers to grandparents, with itineraries that balance fun and relaxation.
Building on the enchantment of Scenic tours in Victoria BC's night tours, Star Sightseeing also offers unique experiences tailored to the changing seasons, ensuring your visit is unforgettable no matter the time of year. Prefer to linger at architectural marvels or skip the typical tourist spots for hidden gems? As you venture through Scenic tours in Victoria BC, you'll be captivated by the blend of historic architecture and vibrant street life. Lean more about Sightseeing Tour Victoria here. Luxury here is synonymous with exclusivity.
You'll glide through the city's historic streets and lush surroundings without contributing to air pollution. These aren't experiences you can just stumble upon; they're curated especially for you. Dive into your Scenic tours in Victoria BC adventure by booking your Star Sightseeing tour today. Don't be shy to strike up conversations.

Scenic tours in Victoria BC - Victoria kayaking tours

  • Victoria cultural tours
  • Victoria paranormal tours
  • Victoria paddleboarding tours
  • Victoria food tours
  • Victoria sightseeing with kids
  • Victoria cultural tours
  • Victoria paranormal tours
  • Victoria paddleboarding tours
  • Victoria food tours
  • Victoria sightseeing with kids
  • Victoria cultural tours
  • Victoria paranormal tours
  • Victoria paddleboarding tours
  • Victoria food tours
  • Victoria sightseeing with kids
  • Victoria cultural tours
  • Victoria paranormal tours
  • Victoria paddleboarding tours
  • Victoria food tours

You're not just a tourist; you're an explorer uncovering the hidden jewels of Scenic tours in Victoria BC. Our goal is to make your Scenic tours in Victoria BC visit unforgettable by personalizing your tour to fit you perfectly. It's an invitation to experience the essence of Scenic tours in Victoria BC through the eyes of those who call it home. Let's explore why opting for this luxury sightseeing tour could be the key to unlocking a treasure trove of experiences in one of the most beautiful corners of the world.

Your journey doesn't stop there. The tour doesn't just tell you about history; it immerses you in it, allowing you to experience the cultural evolution of Scenic tours in Victoria BC through the eyes of those who've lived it. It's not just about seeing; it's about experiencing the heartbeat of the city beyond its famous landmarks.

Scenic tours in Victoria BC - Victoria sunset tours

  1. Victoria snowboard tours
  2. Victoria paddleboarding tours
  3. Victoria food tours
  4. Victoria sightseeing with kids
  5. Victoria cultural tours
  6. Victoria paranormal tours
  7. Victoria snowboard tours
  8. Victoria paddleboarding tours
  9. Victoria food tours
  10. Victoria sightseeing with kids
  11. Victoria cultural tours
  12. Victoria paranormal tours
  13. Victoria snowboard tours
  14. Victoria paddleboarding tours
  15. Victoria food tours
  16. Victoria sightseeing with kids
Unlike traditional group tours, where schedules are fixed and the interests of the many dictate the itinerary, a private tour bends to your wishes.

You'll have the opportunity to select from a variety of attractions and activities, and we're here to offer recommendations based on your preferences. As they share tales passed down through generations, you'll feel a profound connection to the land and its people, transforming your visit into a journey of discovery and mutual respect. Victoria kayaking tours After immersing yourself in Scenic tours in Victoria BC's cultural tapestry through its art, you'll find the region's unique wildlife encounters offer an equally enriching experience.

This will help you know what to expect and allow you to plan any additional items you might need, like binoculars for bird watching or sunscreen for sunny days.

Scenic tours in Victoria BC - Victoria sightseeing tickets

  1. Victoria cultural tours
  2. Victoria paranormal tours
  3. Victoria cultural tours
  4. Victoria paranormal tours
  5. Victoria cultural tours
  6. Victoria paranormal tours
  7. Victoria cultural tours
  8. Victoria paranormal tours
  9. Victoria cultural tours
  10. Victoria paranormal tours
  11. Victoria cultural tours
  12. Victoria paranormal tours
  13. Victoria cultural tours
  14. Victoria paranormal tours
  15. Victoria cultural tours
  16. Victoria paranormal tours
  17. Victoria cultural tours
  18. Victoria paranormal tours
  19. Victoria cultural tours
Beyond the well-trodden paths, you'll find neighborhoods brimming with local art, cafes that feel like secrets shared between friends, and parks where the city's pulse slows to the rhythm of nature. Lastly, the 'Culinary Delights Tour' offers a taste of Scenic tours in Victoria BC you can't find anywhere else.

Don't forget to include some downtime in your itinerary. As you immerse yourself in the vibrant cultural tapestry of Scenic tours in Victoria BC, don't forget the natural beauty that awaits in its lush landscapes. Imagine having the key to hidden gems and exclusive locations that only a select few know about.

Scenic tours in Victoria BC - Victoria cultural tours



    Historical sites in Victoria BC

    Victoria is the capital city of the Canadian province of British Columbia, on the southern tip of Vancouver Island off Canada's Pacific coast. The city has a population of 91,867, and the Greater Victoria area has a population of 397,237. The city of Victoria is the seventh most densely populated city in Canada with 4,406 inhabitants per square kilometre (11,410/sq mi).

    Citations and other links

    Guided Sightseeing and Heritage Tours in Scenic tours in Victoria BC

    Whether it's a pause for ice cream or a spontaneous park visit, they're all about accommodating your family's pace. Opting for a personalized tour ensures your visit isn't just memorable but truly reflects your interests and style. This means if you're captivated by the city's historic architecture or its vibrant art scene, you can dive deeper into these aspects without worrying about keeping up with a group or missing out on what interests you most. Victoria urban exploration tours In this bustling tourist scene, Star Sightseeing offers a unique proposition: customized tours that promise not just to show you the sights but to immerse you in the beauty and diversity of Scenic tours in Victoria BC through experiences tailored specifically to your interests. But it's not just about gold; you'll learn about the Eureka Rebellion, a pivotal event in Australian democracy that unfolded right in Ballarat.

    You'll receive immediate confirmation, along with a detailed itinerary and all the information you need to prepare for your trip. It's more than a tour; it's a journey into the heart of Scenic tours in Victoria BC's wilderness, promising moments of awe and wonder. You'll marvel at the iconic Parliament Buildings, their Gothic architecture standing as a testament to the city's rich past. Plus, with smaller group sizes, you're guaranteed a more personalized and intimate experience, allowing you to truly immerse yourself in the beauty and charm of Scenic tours in Victoria BC.

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC's numerous cafes and restaurants offer the perfect opportunity to relax and refuel. They're not merely modes of transportation; they're integral parts of the experience, ensuring that every moment of your journey is as enjoyable as the destinations themselves. Stay with us to uncover how they're redefining the art of exploration in Scenic tours in Victoria BC, and why this might be the perfect time for you to discover or rediscover the wonders of this enchanting place. Unlike conventional tours, Star Sightseeing offers an immersive experience that combines the thrill of discovery with the luxury of personalized attention.

    Star Sightseeing's Dandenong Ranges Escape package is your ticket to discovering the heart of this natural wonderland. You'll wander through enchanting gardens, hand in hand, under a canopy of stars, and dine at intimate restaurants with breathtaking views that seem painted just for you. You won't just pass by; you'll dive into the local culture, tasting delicacies from hidden food stalls that only the locals know about. Victoria cultural tours After exploring what to expect on your tour, let's look at the variety of tour packages Star Sightseeing offers to suit your interests and schedule.

    Guided Sightseeing and Heritage Tours in Scenic tours in Victoria BC
    Scenic tours in Victoria BC Island flower gardens

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC Island flower gardens

    Imagine sipping fine local wines at a vineyard that's off the radar for most, or enjoying a private viewing of a sought-after art collection. You'll enjoy exclusive tastings at some of the city's most acclaimed eateries, where local ingredients and innovative dishes will tantalize your taste buds. It's an invitation to experience the city through the eyes of those who call it home, making your visit not just memorable but truly transformative. The crisp, fresh air and tranquil sounds of nature offer a peaceful escape, rejuvenating your spirit. From sustainable practices to cultural immersion, there's a lot more beneath the surface of Star Sightseeing's luxury tours.

    It's a perfect opportunity to mingle with the residents and soak in the authentic atmosphere. With Star Sightseeing's tours, you're not merely a tourist. Get ready to see Scenic tours in Victoria BC in a light you've never imagined. They understand the rhythm of the city, helping you avoid the hassle of navigating through traffic or finding parking spaces.

    We'll explore the rugged coastlines and sandy beaches, offering ample photo opportunities.

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC - Victoria snowboard tours

    1. Victoria cultural tours
    2. Victoria paranormal tours
    3. Victoria urban exploration tours
    4. Victoria cruise tours
    5. Victoria snowboard tours
    6. Victoria paddleboarding tours
    7. Victoria food tours
    8. Victoria sightseeing with kids
    9. Victoria cultural tours
    10. Victoria paranormal tours
    11. Victoria urban exploration tours
    12. Victoria cruise tours
    13. Victoria snowboard tours
    14. Victoria paddleboarding tours
    15. Victoria food tours
    16. Victoria sightseeing with kids
    17. Victoria cultural tours
    Moreover, Star Sightseeing's dedication to customer satisfaction means you're in good hands. These guides aren't just locals; they're enthusiasts, historians, and storytellers wrapped into one, ensuring you're not just seeing the sights but truly understanding them. Next, you'll select your desired tour and fill in a simple booking form.

    Star Sightseeing's website supports secure online payments, ensuring your information is safe. Your journey isn't just about the views; it's an immersive experience. Understanding the importance of your time, Star Sightseeing offers flexible scheduling options to fit your unique itinerary. You'll dive deep into the stories behind these buildings, understanding the visionaries who designed them and the communities that they serve.

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC ferry and guided garden tour

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC's cultural heritage, a tapestry woven through time, invites you to explore its rich and diverse history. You start by sharing your must-see destinations and activities - think of it as creating a wish list for your perfect day or days in Scenic tours in Victoria BC. But that's not all. Diving into the heart of Scenic tours in Victoria BC, you'll uncover the city's iconic landmarks, each with a story waiting to be told. Don't wait too long; spots fill up quickly, especially during peak tourist seasons.

    Winter isn't without its charm, either. It's not just about seeing the sights; it's about experiencing Scenic tours in Victoria BC in a way that's beyond the ordinary. It's a community-driven event that showcases the best of Scenic tours in Victoria BC's creative talents.

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC - Victoria paddleboarding tours

    • Victoria cruise tours
    • Victoria snowboard tours
    • Victoria paddleboarding tours
    • Victoria food tours
    • Victoria sightseeing with kids
    • Victoria cultural tours
    • Victoria paranormal tours
    • Victoria sightseeing tickets
    • Victoria ghost tours
    • Victoria urban exploration tours
    • Victoria cruise tours
    • Victoria snowboard tours
    • Victoria paddleboarding tours
    • Victoria food tours
    • Victoria sightseeing with kids
    • Victoria cultural tours
    But it's not all about looking back.

    You won't just pass by; you'll delve into the stories behind the majestic Parliament Buildings, feeling the pulse of history beneath your feet. Securing your spot on a luxury sightseeing tour in Scenic tours in Victoria BC in advance offers significant benefits, ensuring you don't miss out on this unparalleled experience. Or finding a secluded garden where the only sounds are the rustling leaves and distant city hum. That's why they've worked tirelessly to open doors that are usually closed, offering you a peek into Scenic tours in Victoria BC's most unique and inaccessible spots.

    A lifelong resident said, 'I thought I knew every nook and cranny of Scenic tours in Victoria BC, but this tour introduced me to hidden gems I'd never noticed before.'The blend of historical insights, comfortable travel, and exclusive access to certain landmarks is frequently highlighted in testimonials. 'The luxury aspect isn't just in the comfort but in the knowledge and accessibility provided,' another visitor reflected. As you glide through the streets of Scenic tours in Victoria BC, your chauffeur, a connoisseur of the city, ensures you don't miss a beat of its rich history and breathtaking landscapes. As you embark on this journey, you'll be treated not just to a tour, but to an experience meticulously crafted to blend luxury with adventure, offering glimpses into cultural and historical gems that are as enriching as they are enchanting. It's your day, your way.

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC ferry and guided garden tour
    Exploring Scenic tours in Victoria BC’s Botanical Gardens
    Exploring Scenic tours in Victoria BC’s Botanical Gardens

    Here, you'll mingle with locals and travelers alike, each drawn by the allure of concerts, festivals, and exhibits that are a testament to Melbourne's lively cultural scene. You'll visit iconic institutions renowned for their collections of indigenous and contemporary art, ensuring you don't just see art, but you feel its impact. This personalized attention can transform a great tour into an unforgettable one. Embark on a journey through Melbourne's enchanting streets, where every corner reveals a new surprise, inviting you to uncover the city's vibrant culture and hidden gems. Scenic tours in Victoria BC's culinary scene offers an unforgettable adventure for your taste buds, showcasing the best of local and international flavors.
    Your guide, knowledgeable in all things Scenic tours in Victoria BC, will take you off the beaten path to explore bustling markets filled with local artisans and vendors.

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC - Victoria paranormal tours

    • Victoria summer sightseeing
    • Victoria Christmas market tours
    • Victoria botanical garden tours
    • Victoria kayaking tours
    • Victoria heritage tours
    • Victoria sightseeing deals
    • Victoria sightseeing with kids
    • Victoria VIP tours
    • Victoria eco tours
    • West Victoria sightseeing tours
    • Indigenous cultural tours Victoria
    • North Victoria sightseeing tours
    • Unique Victoria tours
    • Victoria walking tours
    • Victoria scenic drives
    • Old Town Victoria tours
    • Victoria history tours
    • Victoria sightseeing recommendations
    • Victoria ski resort tours
    • Butchart Gardens sightseeing tours
    Star Sightseeing also stays up-to-date with local health guidelines, adjusting their practices as needed to ensure your safety. They know the best times to visit popular spots, avoiding the crowds, and they introduce you to hidden gems that only locals know about. Victoria summer sightseeing Star Sightseeing doesn't just show you places; they craft experiences that connect you deeply with Scenic tours in Victoria BC's natural beauty and rural charm.

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC - Victoria botanical garden tours

    1. Victoria hiking tours
    2. Best places to visit in Victoria
    3. Victoria coastline tours
    4. Victoria extreme sports tours
    5. Victoria nature tours
    6. Sightseeing Victoria
    7. Victoria food tours
    8. Victoria fishing tours
    9. Victoria winter sightseeing
    10. Victoria snorkeling tours
    11. Victoria snowboard tours
    12. Victoria rainforest tours
    13. Off-the-beaten-path Victoria tours
    14. Family-friendly tours in Victoria
    15. Victoria fall sightseeing
    16. Victoria ghost tours
    17. Victoria architecture tours
    18. Victoria cruise tours

    Building on the excitement of tailored packages, Scenic tours in Victoria BC invites you to create lasting memories with its stunning sights and exclusive experiences. Each adventure sport is designed with your safety and excitement in mind, ensuring unforgettable experiences that blend Scenic tours in Victoria BC's natural beauty with the thrill of extreme sports. You'll find yourself whisked away to exclusive vineyards, where the art of winemaking is both a tradition and a passion. Next, we'll whisk you off to the Peninsula Hot Springs, where you can soak in naturally heated mineral waters, offering panoramic views that promise to soothe your soul. Read more about Scenic tours in Victoria BC here
    When you pick Star Sightseeing, you're not just getting a tour; you're embarking on a curated journey through the heart of Scenic tours in Victoria BC.

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC - Victoria cruise tours

    • Victoria paranormal tours
    • Victoria ghost tours
    • Victoria urban exploration tours
    • Victoria cruise tours
    • Victoria snowboard tours
    • Victoria paddleboarding tours
    • Victoria food tours
    • Victoria sightseeing with kids
    • Victoria cultural tours
    • Victoria paranormal tours
    • Victoria ghost tours
    • Victoria urban exploration tours
    • Victoria cruise tours
    • Victoria snowboard tours
    • Victoria paddleboarding tours
    • Victoria food tours
    • Victoria sightseeing with kids
    From the historic elegance of the Royal BC Museum to the modernist lines of the Vancouver Island Technology Park, there's a blend of old and new that captures the essence of this vibrant city.

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC - Victoria kayaking tours

    • Victoria multi-day tours
    • Victoria adventure tours
    • Victoria guided tours
    • Victoria suburbs sightseeing
    • Victoria city tours
    • Victoria sightseeing on a budget
    • Victoria art tours
    • Victoria night tours
    • Victoria day trips
    • Romantic tours in Victoria
    • Best tour operators in Victoria
    • Best sightseeing in Victoria
    • Victoria luxury tours
    • Victoria sightseeing itineraries
    • Victoria travel tips
    • Victoria hot air balloon rides
    Victoria food tours Star Sightseeing ensures that your journey through these natural wonders is as comfortable as it's unforgettable, leaving you with memories that last a lifetime. It's not just a journey; it's a step back in time, where the pace slows and nature takes center stage.

    Sightseeing Bus Tours Around Scenic tours in Victoria BC BC

    Next, you'll experience the majestic Craigdarroch Castle, immersing yourself in the opulence and history of Scenic tours in Victoria BC's Scenic tours in Victoria BCn era. Discovering Melbourne's magic isn't just a tour; it's an experience woven with tales of history, art, and gastronomy, curated to leave you mesmerized by the city's unique charm. Don't forget to dress warmly, as evenings can get chilly. Star Sightseeing's tours don't just stop at man-made attractions; they take you into the heart of nature's masterpiece. Delve into the charm of quaint alleyways that tell tales of yesteryears, each brick and cobblestone whispering secrets of the past.
    Star Sightseeing is committed to providing a seamless and enriching travel experience, so you can focus on making memories that will last a lifetime. You'll step beyond the ordinary paths and velvet ropes, diving deep into the heart of Scenic tours in Victoria BC's rich history and vibrant culture in a way that's uniquely yours.

    Scenic tours in Victoria BC - Victoria urban exploration tours

    • Victoria sightseeing with kids
    • Victoria cultural tours
    • Victoria paranormal tours
    • Victoria food tours
    • Victoria sightseeing with kids
    • Victoria cultural tours
    • Victoria paranormal tours
    • Victoria food tours
    • Victoria sightseeing with kids
    • Victoria cultural tours
    • Victoria paranormal tours
    • Victoria food tours
    • Victoria sightseeing with kids
    • Victoria cultural tours
    • Victoria paranormal tours
    • Victoria food tours
    You'll wander through the enchanting Butchart Gardens, where the floral displays and themed gardens will take your breath away. It's not just a walk; it's a journey back in time, where every corner tells a story.
    The Skydeck has plenty to offer with its state-of-the-art telescopes and informative displays, giving you a closer look at Melbourne's iconic landmarks without leaving solid ground. Imagine sitting in a cozy, dimly-lit restaurant, a glass of fine Scenic tours in Victoria BC wine in hand, as you anticipate a meal crafted by some of the most talented chefs in the country. Next, you'll step inside the Royal BC Museum, where British Columbia's past comes to life. Victoria multi-day tours You'll taste delicacies that blend centuries-old recipes with modern twists, offering flavors you won't find anywhere else.
    Through Star Sightseeing's premium tours, you're invited to turn the pages of this vibrant region, exploring its historical landmarks, majestic natural wonders, and cultural festivities like never before. With Star Sightseeing, you're not just booking a tour; you're crafting a love story. Whether you're an art aficionado or a curious explorer, Star Sightseeing's Art and Museums Tour is crafted to enrich your appreciation of Scenic tours in Victoria BC's unique cultural landscape. Star Sightseeing's expert guides don't just show you around; they immerse you in the stories and secrets that make each hidden gem unique.

    Explore Scenic tours in Victoria BC here
    Sightseeing Bus Tours Around Scenic tours in Victoria BC BC

     

    Early tour bus in Salt Lake City, 1909
    A colourful tour bus at Kuranda, Queensland, Australia
    Tourists taking photos from a ParisCityVision open-topped tour bus in Paris.
    Salvador Bahia Bus in Santo Antonio da Barra Lighthouse, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
    The Needles "Breezer", Isle of Wight, England

    A tour bus service is an escorted tour (sometimes a package holiday) or bus service that takes visitors sightseeing, with routes around tourist attractions.

    Information

    [edit]

    Double-decker buses and open top buses are commonly used, for providing a good view. Large coaches are used internationally by tour operators, intercity bus lines and charters, for short and long distance destinations. These buses are larger than regular transit buses, with 2 to 4 axles (6 to 10 wheels).

    The history of tour buses in North America began in the early 20th century, when trucks were converted to provide a means for sightseeing within large American cities.[1] Gray Line, the largest sightseeing operators, began operations in 1910.[2] Sightseeing was likely a side business for many intercity bus operators because the same types of buses were used (this remains true even today). World War II saw the industry decline, but it slowly re-emerged as an alternative to driving.[1]

    Many musicians, entertainers, dancing crews and bands travel in sleeper buses, commonly referred to as "tour buses". While most if not all of the buses and coaches listed above are for commercial applications, there are many coaches manufactured for personal use as motorhomes. These bus based motorhomes are considered the top end of the RV market.

    Common features

    [edit]
    • Padded fabric or leather front-facing seats, often reclining.
    • Foot and arm rests.
    • TV monitors connected to DVD player or VCR to provide entertainment or possibly analog TV or DTV for local news or programs (possibly in seats with viewer choosing what station).
    • Basic lavatory – riders may be discouraged from using it except in an emergency,[3][failed verification] but some newer buses feature full service lavatories[4]
    • Cool water dispenser, refrigerator, hot water urn.
    • Wheelchair lift or ramp and "kneeling suspension" for easier access (especially for the elderly and infirm).
    • Tinted windows (and/or curtains or blinds).
    • Luggage compartment (or bins) below in the underbelly of the bus, with overhead hand-luggage racks.

    Tour coach manufacturers

    [edit]

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ a b "Driven John Mack Kept on Truckin', Helping Build Modern America". Investors.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
    2. ^ Risko, Karin (2018). A History Lover's Guide to Detroit. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4671-3567-2.
    3. ^ "Bus Toilets / Toilets of the World". toilet-guru.com. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
    4. ^ "New Prevost features to be showc". Prevost-stuff.com. December 22, 2006. Retrieved March 28, 2011.

     

     

    Tours is located in Centre-Val de Loire
    Tours
    Tours
     
    Tours
    Medieval buildings on Place Plumereau
    Pont Wilson over the Loire
    Prébendes d'Oé garden
    Flag of Tours
    Coat of arms of Tours
    Location of Tours
    Map
    Tours is located in France
    Tours
    Tours
     

    Coordinates: 47°23′37″N 0°41′21″E / 47.393611°N 0.689167°E / 47.393611; 0.689167CountryFranceRegionCentre-Val de LoireDepartmentIndre-et-LoireArrondissementToursCantonTours-1
    Tours-2
    Tours-3
    Tours-4
    IntercommunalityTours Métropole Val de LoireGovernment

     

     • Mayor (2020–2026) Emmanuel Denis[1] (The Greens)

    Area
    1

    34.7 km2 (13.4 sq mi) • Urban

     (2018)

    684.9 km2 (264.4 sq mi) • Metro

     (2018)

    3,631.6 km2 (1,402.2 sq mi)Population

     (2022)[2]

    138,668 • Rank26th in France • Density4,000/km2 (10,000/sq mi) • Urban

     (2018)

    359,992 • Urban density530/km2 (1,400/sq mi) • Metro

     (2018)

    516,973 • Metro density140/km2 (370/sq mi)Demonym(s)Tourangeau (masculine)
    Tourangelle (feminine)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)INSEE/Postal code

    37261 /37000, 37100, 37200

    Elevation44–119 m (144–390 ft)1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

    Tours (/tʊər/ TOOR; French: [tuʁ] ) is the largest city in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the prefecture of the department of Indre-et-Loire. The commune of Tours had 136,463 inhabitants as of 2018 while the population of the whole metropolitan area was 516,973.[3]

    Tours sits on the lower reaches of the Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Formerly named Caesarodunum by its founder, Roman Emperor Augustus, it possesses one of the largest amphitheaters of the Roman Empire, the Tours Amphitheatre. Known for the Battle of Tours in 732 AD, it is a National Sanctuary with connections to the Merovingians and the Carolingians, with the Capetians making the kingdom's currency the Livre tournois. Saint Martin and Gregory of Tours were from Tours. Tours was once part of Touraine, a former province of France. Tours was the first city of the silk industry. It was taken by Louis XI, as the royal capital under the Valois Kings with its Loire castles and city of art with the School of Tours. The prefecture was partially destroyed during the French Wars of Religion in the late 16th century and again during the Second World War in June 1940.

    The White and Blue city keeps a historical center registered in the UNESCO, and is home to the Vieux-Tours, a patrimonial site. The garden city has a green heritage and an urban landscape strongly influenced by its natural space. The historic city that is nicknamed "Le Petit Paris" and its region by its history and culture has always been a land of birth or host to many personalities, international sporting events, and is a university city with more than 30,000 students in 2019. Tours is a popular culinary city with specialties such as: rillettes, rillons, Touraine vineyards, AOC Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine cheeses and nougats. The city is also the end-point of the annual Paris–Tours cycle race.

    Etymology

    [edit]

    A popular folk etymology of the word "Tours" is that it comes from Turonus, the nephew of Brutus. Turonus died in a war between Corineus and the king of Aquitaine, Goffarius Pictus, provoked by Corineus hunting in the king's forests without permission. It is said that Turonus was buried in Tours and the city is founded around his grave.[4]

    History

    [edit]

    In Gallic times, Tours was an important crossing point over the Loire. It became part of the Roman Empire during the 1st century AD, and the city was named Caesarodunum ("hill of Caesar"). The name evolved in the 4th century when the original Gallic name, Turones, became Civitas Turonum and then Tours. It was at this time that the Tours Amphitheatre was built.

    Tours became a metropolis in the Roman province of Lugdunum towards 380–388 AD, dominating Maine, Brittany, and the Loire Valley. One important figure in the city was Saint Martin of Tours, a bishop who shared his coat with a naked beggar in Amiens. The importance of Martin in the medieval Christian West made Tours, and its position on the route of pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, a major centre during the Middle Ages.

    Middle Ages

    [edit]

    In the 6th century, Gregory of Tours, author of the Ten Books of History, restored a cathedral destroyed by a fire in 561. Saint Martin's monastery benefited from its inception, at the very start of the 6th century from patronage and support from the Frankish king, Clovis I, which increased considerably the influence of the saint, the abbey and the city in Gaul. In the 9th century, Tours was at the heart of the Carolingian Renaissance, in particular because of Alcuin, of York in Northumbria, a renowned book collector and an abbot of Marmoutier Abbey.

    In 732, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi and an army of Muslim horsemen from Al-Andalus advanced 500 kilometres (300 miles) deep into France, and were stopped at Moussais-la-Bataille[5] (between Châtellerault and Poitiers) by Charles Martel and his infantry. This ignited the Battle of Tours. The Muslim army was defeated, preventing an Islamic conquest of France.

    In 845, Tours repelled the first attack of the Viking chief Haesten. In 850, the Vikings settled at the mouths of the Seine and the Loire. Still led by Haesten, they went up the Loire again in 852 and sacked Angers, Tours and Marmoutier Abbey.

    During the Middle Ages, Tours consisted of two juxtaposed and competing centres. The "City" in the east, successor of the late Roman 'castrum', was composed of the cathedral and palace of the archbishops as well as the castle of Tours. The castle of Tours acted as a seat of the authority of the Counts of Tours (later Counts of Anjou) and the King of France. In the west, the "new city" structured around the Abbey of Saint Martin was freed from the control of the city during the 10th century (an enclosure was built towards 918) and became "Châteauneuf". This space, organized between Saint Martin and the Loire, became the economic centre of Tours. Between these two centres were Varennes, vineyards and fields, little occupied except for the Abbaye Saint-Julien established on the banks of the Loire. The two centres were linked during the 14th century.

    Place Plumereau, Medieval buildings

    Tours became the capital of the county of Tours or Touraine, a territory bitterly disputed between the counts of Blois and Anjou – the latter were victorious in the 11th century. It was the capital of France at the time of Louis XI, who had settled in the castle of Montils (today the castle of Plessis-les-Tours, at the junction of the Loire and the Indre rivers). Tours and Touraine remained a permanent residence of the kings and court until the 16th century. The Renaissance gave Tours and Touraine many private mansions and castles, joined to some extent under the generic name of the Châteaux of the Loire. It is also at the time of Louis XI that the silk industry was introduced – despite difficulties, the industry still survives to this day.

    16th–18th centuries

    [edit]

    Charles IX passed through the city at the time of his royal tour of France between 1564 and 1566, accompanied by the Court and various noblemen: his brother the Duke of Anjou, Henri de Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine. At this time, the Catholics returned to power in Angers: the attendant assumed the right to nominate the aldermen. The Massacre of Saint-Barthelemy was not repeated at Tours. The Protestants were imprisoned by the aldermen – a measure which prevented their extermination. The permanent return of the Court to Paris and then Versailles marked the beginning of a slow but permanent decline. Guillaume the Metayer (1763–1798), known as Rochambeau, the well-known counter-revolutionary chief of Mayenne, was shot in Tours.

    19th to 20th centuries

    [edit]

    The arrival of the railway in the 19th century saved the city by making it an important nodal point. The main railway station is known as Tours-Saint-Pierre-des-Corps. At that time, Tours was expanding towards the south into a district known as the Prébendes. The importance of the city as a centre of communications contributed to its revival and, as the 20th century progressed, Tours became a dynamic conurbation, economically oriented towards the service sector.

    First World War

    [edit]
    Tours Cathedral: 15th-century Flamboyant Gothic west front with Renaissance pinnacles, completed 1547.

    The city was greatly affected by the First World War. A force of 25,000 American soldiers arrived in 1917, setting up textile factories for the manufacture of uniforms, repair shops for military equipment, munitions dumps, an army post office and an American military hospital at Augustins. Because of this, Tours became a garrison town with a resident general staff. The American presence is remembered today by the Woodrow Wilson Bridge over the Loire, which was officially opened in July 1918 and bears the name of the President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. Three American air force squadrons, including the 492nd, were based at the Parçay-Meslay airfield, their personnel playing an active part in the life of the city. Americans paraded at funerals and award ceremonies for the Croix de Guerre. They also took part in festivals and their YMCA organised shows for the troops. Some men married women from Tours.

    Inter-war years

    [edit]

    In 1920, the city hosted the Congress of Tours, which saw the creation of the French Communist Party. One future consequence of that congress was the presence of Ho Chi Minh, the Vietnamese nationalist, who became one of the first members of the party.

    Second World War

    [edit]

    Tours was also marked by the Second World War, as the city suffered massive destruction in 1940. For four years it was a city of military camps and fortifications. From 10 to 13 June 1940, Tours was the temporary seat of the French government before its move to Bordeaux.

    German incendiary bombs caused a huge fire, which blazed out of control from 20 to 22 June and destroyed part of the city centre. Some architectural masterpieces of the 16th and 17th centuries were lost, as was the monumental entry to the city. The Wilson Bridge, which carried a water main that supplied the city, was dynamited to slow the progress of the German advance. With the water main severed, nobody could extinguish the inferno. That made inhabitants have no option but to flee to safety. More heavy air raids by Allied forces devastated the area around the railway station in 1944, causing several hundred deaths.

    Post-war developments

    [edit]

    A plan for the rebuilding of the central area drawn up by the local architect Camille Lefèvre had been adopted even before the end of the war. The plan was for 20 small quadrangular blocks of housing to be arranged around the main road (la rue Nationale), which was widened. This regular layout attempted to echo but simplify the 18th-century architecture. Pierre Patout succeeded Lefèvre as the architect in charge of rebuilding in 1945. At one time, there was talk of demolishing the southern side of the rue Nationale to make it in keeping with the new development.

    The recent history of Tours is marked by the personality of Jean Royer, who was mayor for 36 years and helped save the old town from demolition by establishing one of the first Conservation Areas. This example of conservation policy would later inspire the Malraux Law for the safeguarding of historic city centres. In the 1970s, Jean Royer also extended the city to the south by diverting the course of the Cher River to create the districts of Rives du Cher and des Fontaines. At the time, it was one of the largest urban developments in Europe. In 1970, the François Rabelais University was founded and centred on the bank of the Loire in the downtown area, not, as was the current practice, in a campus in the suburbs. The latter solution was also chosen by the twin university of Orleans. Royer's long term as mayor was, however, not without controversy, as is exemplified by the construction of the practical but aesthetically unattractive motorway, which runs along the bed of a former canal just 1,500 metres (4,900 feet) from the cathedral. Another bone of contention was the original Vinci Congress Centre by Jean Nouvel. The project incurred debts although it at least made Tours one of France's principal conference centres.

    Jean Germain, a member of the Socialist Party, became mayor in 1995 and made debt reduction his priority. Ten years later, his economic management was regarded as much wiser than that of his predecessor because of the financial stability of the city returning. However, his achievements were criticised by the municipal opposition for a lack of ambition. There were no large building projects instituted under his two terms. That position is disputed by those in power, who affirm their policy of concentrating on the quality of life, as evidenced by urban restoration, the development of public transport and cultural activities.

    Climate

    [edit]

    Tours has an oceanic climate that is very mild for such a northern latitude. Summers are influenced by its inland position, resulting in frequent days of 25 °C (77 °F) or warmer, whereas winters are kept mild by Atlantic air masses. The entire valley between Orlans and Angers is famous for the luminosity of its air and for its fabulous châteaux, most of them Renaissance (over 600 between Orlans and Angers).

    Climate data for Tours (1991–2020 averages)
    Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
    Record high °C (°F) 16.9
    (62.4)
    22.1
    (71.8)
    25.3
    (77.5)
    29.2
    (84.6)
    31.8
    (89.2)
    39.1
    (102.4)
    40.8
    (105.4)
    39.8
    (103.6)
    35.5
    (95.9)
    31.1
    (88.0)
    22.3
    (72.1)
    18.5
    (65.3)
    40.8
    (105.4)
    Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.7
    (45.9)
    9.0
    (48.2)
    12.9
    (55.2)
    16.0
    (60.8)
    19.6
    (67.3)
    23.4
    (74.1)
    25.9
    (78.6)
    26.0
    (78.8)
    22.1
    (71.8)
    17.0
    (62.6)
    11.4
    (52.5)
    8.1
    (46.6)
    16.6
    (61.9)
    Daily mean °C (°F) 5.1
    (41.2)
    5.6
    (42.1)
    8.6
    (47.5)
    11.0
    (51.8)
    14.5
    (58.1)
    18.0
    (64.4)
    20.2
    (68.4)
    20.2
    (68.4)
    16.8
    (62.2)
    13.0
    (55.4)
    8.3
    (46.9)
    5.5
    (41.9)
    12.2
    (54.0)
    Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.5
    (36.5)
    2.3
    (36.1)
    4.3
    (39.7)
    6.0
    (42.8)
    9.4
    (48.9)
    12.6
    (54.7)
    14.4
    (57.9)
    14.3
    (57.7)
    11.4
    (52.5)
    9.0
    (48.2)
    5.3
    (41.5)
    2.9
    (37.2)
    7.9
    (46.2)
    Record low °C (°F) −17.4
    (0.7)
    −14.2
    (6.4)
    −10.3
    (13.5)
    −3.4
    (25.9)
    −0.6
    (30.9)
    2.6
    (36.7)
    4.3
    (39.7)
    4.8
    (40.6)
    0.9
    (33.6)
    −2.3
    (27.9)
    −7.1
    (19.2)
    −18.5
    (−1.3)
    −18.5
    (−1.3)
    Average precipitation mm (inches) 63.0
    (2.48)
    52.4
    (2.06)
    48.7
    (1.92)
    53.0
    (2.09)
    57.7
    (2.27)
    53.2
    (2.09)
    46.6
    (1.83)
    44.0
    (1.73)
    51.8
    (2.04)
    66.0
    (2.60)
    69.3
    (2.73)
    72.1
    (2.84)
    677.8
    (26.69)
    Average precipitation days 11.0 9.8 9.3 8.9 9.0 7.6 6.7 6.6 7.5 9.8 11.4 11.5 109.0
    Average snowy days 2.4 2.9 1.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.7 10.6
    Average relative humidity (%) 87 84 79 74 77 75 72 73 77 84 87 89 79.8
    Mean monthly sunshine hours 68.4 95.2 148.8 187.3 214.2 228.5 247.1 237.7 191.3 122.9 78.9 64.6 1,884.8
    Source 1: Météo France[6][7]
    Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity and snowy days, 1961–1990)[8]

    Sights

    [edit]
    Hôtel de Ville, Place Jean Jaurès
    St Gatien Cathedral, from Rue Lavoisier, just north of the Rue Colbert intersection.
    Pont Wilson

    Cathedral

    [edit]

    The Cathedral of Tours, dedicated to Saint Gatien, its canonized first bishop, was begun about 1170 to replace the cathedral that was burnt out in 1166 during the dispute between Louis VII of France and Henry II of England. The lowermost stages of the western towers belong to the 12th century, but the rest of the west end is in the profusely detailed 15th-century Flamboyant Gothic, which were completed just as the Renaissance was affecting the patrons who planned the châteaux of Touraine. The towers were being constructed at the same time as, for example, the Château de Chenonceau.

    When the 15th-century illuminator Jean Fouquet was set the task of illuminating Josephus's Jewish Antiquities, his depiction of Solomon's Temple was modelled on the nearly complete cathedral of Tours. The atmosphere of the Gothic cathedral close permeates Honoré de Balzac's dark short novel of jealousy and provincial intrigues, Le Curé de Tours (The Curate of Tours) and his medieval story Maître Cornélius opens in the cathedral itself.

    Other points of interest

    [edit]

    Language

    [edit]

    Before the French Revolution, the inhabitants of Tours (Les Tourangeaux) were known for speaking the "purest" form of French in the entire country.[9] The pronunciation of Touraine was traditionally regarded as the most standard pronunciation of the French language, until the 19th century when the standard pronunciation of French shifted to that of the Parisian bourgeoisie.[10] That is explained by the fact that the court of France lived in Touraine between 1430 and 1530. French, the language of the court, had become the official language of the entire kingdom.

    A Council of Tours in 813 decided that priests should preach sermons in different languages because the common people could no longer understand classical Latin. This was the first official recognition of an early French language distinct from Latin, and can be considered as the birth of French.

    The Ordinance of Montils-lès-Tours, promulgated by Charles VII in 1454, made it mandatory to write laws and oral customs in the native language of the area.

    An ordinance of Charles VIII (born in Amboise, near Tours) in 1490 and one of Louis XII (born in Blois, near Tours) in 1510 broaden the scope of the ordinance of Charles VII.

    Finally, the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts, signed into law by Francis I in 1539, called for the use of French in all legal acts, notarized contracts and official legislation to avoid any linguistic confusion.

    Gregory of Tours wrote in the 6th century that some people in the area could still speak Gaulish.

    City

    [edit]
    Pont Wilson crosses the river Loire at the old civic core

    The city has a population of 140,000 and is called "Le Jardin de la France" ("The Garden of France"). There are several parks located within the city. Tours is located between two rivers, the Loire to the north and the Cher to the south. The buildings of Tours are white with blue slate (called Ardoise) roofs; this style is common in the north of France, while most buildings in the south of France have terracotta roofs.

    Tours is famous for its original medieval district, called le Vieux Tours. Unique to the Old City are its preserved half-timbered buildings and la Place Plumereau, a square with busy pubs and restaurants, whose open-air tables fill the centre of the square. The Boulevard Beranger crosses the Rue Nationale at the Place Jean-Jaures and is the location of weekly markets and fairs.

    Tours is famous for its many bridges crossing the river Loire. One of them, Wilson Bridge, collapsed in 1978 but was rebuilt.

    In the garden of the ancient Palais des Archevêques (now Musée des Beaux-Arts) is a huge cedar tree said to have been planted by Napoleon.[11] The garden also has a stuffed elephant named Fritz. He escaped from the Barnum and Bailey circus during their stay in Tours in 1902. He went mad and had to be shot down, but the city paid to honor him, and he was taxidermied as a result.

    Tours is home to University of Tours (formerly known as University François Rabelais of Tours), the site of one of the most important choral competitions, called Florilège Vocal de Tours International Choir Competition, and is a member city of the European Grand Prix for Choral Singing.

    Population

    [edit]

    The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Tours proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Tours absorbed the former commune of Saint-Étienne in 1845 and Sainte-Radegonde-en-Touraine and Saint-Symphorien in 1964.[12]

    Historical population
    Year Pop. ±% p.a.
    1793 21,000 —    
    1800 20,240 −0.53%
    1806 21,703 +1.17%
    1821 21,928 +0.07%
    1831 23,235 +0.58%
    1836 26,669 +2.80%
    1841 30,072 +2.43%
    1846 30,766 +0.46%
    1851 33,530 +1.74%
    1856 38,055 +2.56%
    1861 41,061 +1.53%
    1866 42,450 +0.67%
    1872 43,368 +0.36%
    1876 48,325 +2.74%
    1881 52,209 +1.56%
    1886 59,585 +2.68%
    1891 60,335 +0.25%
    1896 63,267 +0.95%
    Year Pop. ±% p.a.
    1901 64,695 +0.45%
    1906 67,601 +0.88%
    1911 73,398 +1.66%
    1921 75,096 +0.23%
    1926 77,192 +0.55%
    1931 78,585 +0.36%
    1936 83,753 +1.28%
    1946 80,044 −0.45%
    1954 83,618 +0.55%
    1962 92,944 +1.33%
    1968 128,120 +5.50%
    1975 140,686 +1.35%
    1982 132,209 −0.88%
    1990 129,509 −0.26%
    1999 132,820 +0.28%
    2007 136,578 +0.35%
    2012 134,978 −0.24%
    2017 135,787 +0.12%
     
    Source: EHESS[12] and INSEE (1968–2017)[13]

    Transportation

    [edit]
    Tram model, design by the French agency RCP Design Global

    Today, with extensive rail (including TGV) and autoroute connections linking to the rest of the country, Tours is a jumping-off point for tourist visits to the Loire Valley and the royal châteaux.

    Tours is on one of the main lines of the TGV. It is possible to travel to the west coast of Bordeaux in an hour and forty minutes. From there, the line follows the Mediterranean coast via Avignon, and then to Spain and Barcelona. There are also lines to Lyon, Strasbourg and Lille. It takes less than one hour by train to get from Tours to Paris by TGV and one and a half hours to get to Charles de Gaulle Airport. Tours has two main stations: Gare de Tours, the central station, and Gare de Saint-Pierre-des-Corps, used by trains that do not terminate in Tours.

    Tours Loire Valley Airport connects the Loire Valley to European cities.

    Historically, Tours was served by trams and trolleybuses, the trolleybus system lasting from 1949 to 1968. Tram service returned to the city in 2013, when a new tram system began operation. Twenty-one Alstom Citadis trams were ordered.[14]

    There is also a bus service, the main central stop being Jean Jaurès, next to the Hôtel de Ville, and rue Nationale, the high street of Tours. The tram and bus networks are operated by Fil Bleu and they share a ticketing system. A second tram line is scheduled for 2025.[15]

    Sport

    [edit]

    The city's football team, Tours FC, currently play in Championnat National 3, the fifth level of French football. They also have a second team, CCSP Tours. CCSP's home stadium is the Stade des Tourettes and they play in the Division d'Honneur Regionale de Centre, the seventh tier of the French football league system.[citation needed]

    Tours has served as the finish location for Paris–Tours, a one-day road cycling classic race held almost every October since 1896.[16]

    Tours also has a volleyball club named the Tours VB.

    Catholics from Tours

    [edit]
    Venerable Leo Dupont, Holy Man of Tours

    Tours is a special place for Catholics who follow the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus and the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. In 1843, Sister Marie of St Peter of Tours reported a vision which started the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus, in reparation for the many insults Christ suffered in His Passion. The Golden Arrow Prayer was first made public by her.

    The Venerable Leo Dupont also known as The Holy Man of Tours lived in Tours at about the same time. In 1849 he started the nightly adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, which spread throughout France. Upon hearing of Sister Marie of St Peter's reported visions, he started to burn a vigil lamp continuously before a picture of the Holy Face of Jesus. The devotion was eventually approved by Pope Pius XII in 1958 and he formally declared the Feast of the Holy Face of Jesus as Shrove Tuesday (the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday) for all Roman Catholics.[17] The Oratory of the Holy Face on Rue St. Etienne in Tours receives many pilgrims every year.

    Tours was the site of the episcopal activity of St. Martin of Tours and has further Christian connotations in that the pivotal Battle of Tours in 732 is often considered the first decisive victory over the invading Islamic forces, turning the tide against them. The battle also helped lay the foundations of the Carolingian Empire.[18]

    Notable people

    [edit]
    Louise de la Vallière, 17th.C
    General Régis de Trobriand, 1865

    Public service

    [edit]

    Arts

    [edit]
    Jean Fouquet self portrait, ca.1450
    Philippe Néricault Destouches, 1741
    statue of Honoré de Balzac

    Science and business

    [edit]
    Gabriel Lamé

    Sport

    [edit]
    Pascal Hervé, 2000

    Twin towns — sister cities

    [edit]

    Tours is twinned with:[28]

    [edit]

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
    2. ^ "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
    3. ^ "Comparateur de territoire". INSEE. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
    4. ^ Historia Brittonum 7, 10–11
    5. ^ The Andalusian History, from the Islamic conquest till the fall of Granada 92–897 A.H. (711–1492 C.E.), by Professor AbdurRahman Ali El-Hajji, a professor of the Islamic history at Baghdad University, published in Dar Al-Qalam, in Damascus, and in Beirut. "Second Edition". p. 194
    6. ^ "Données climatiques de la station de Tours" (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
    7. ^ "TOURS (37)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
    8. ^ "Normes et records 1961–1990: Tours – St Symphorien (37) – altitude 112m" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
    9. ^ "Tours, France". Meet Minneapolis. 2012. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
    10. ^ de Montvalon, Jean-Baptiste. "Philippe Boula de Mareüil : « Les accents participent à la richesse de notre langue". Le Monde (in French). Paris. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
    11. ^ "City summary: Tours". us.media.france.fr.
    12. ^ a b Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Tours, EHESS (in French).
    13. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
    14. ^ "Tours selects Citadis and APS". Railway Gazette International. London. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
    15. ^ "Tramway de Tours – Le Tram de Tours". letramdetours.net.
    16. ^ "City tourism: Tours". Paris–Tours. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
    17. ^ Dorothy Scallan. "The Holy Man of Tours." (1990) ISBN 0-89555-390-2
    18. ^ Davis, Paul K. (1999) "100 Decisive Battles From Ancient Times to the Present" ISBN 0-19-514366-3
    19. ^ "Berengarius" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 768–769.
    20. ^ "La Vallière, Louise Françoise de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 290–291.
    21. ^ "Viollet, Paul Marie" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 107.
    22. ^ "Foucquet, Jean" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 737.
    23. ^ Williamson, George Charles (1911). "Clouet, François" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). pp. 559–560.
    24. ^ "Destouches, Philippe" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 104.
    25. ^ "Dutens, Louis" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 736.
    26. ^ "Bouilly, Jean Nicolas" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 318.
    27. ^ Saintsbury, George (1911). "Balzac, Honoré de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 298–301.
    28. ^ "Jumelages et partenariats". tours.fr (in French). Tours. Retrieved 16 November 2019.

    Further reading

    [edit]
    [edit]

     

     

    Methods of travel in Hong Kong, the most visited city according to Euromonitor. Top to bottom: the Cross-Harbour Tunnel and the MTR.
    Train travel – Passengers on a train on a bridge of the Nilgiri Mountain Railway, between Mettupalayam and Ootacamund, in Tamil Nadu, India

    Travel is the movement of people between distant geographical locations. Travel can be done by foot, bicycle, automobile, train, boat, bus, airplane, ship or other means, with or without luggage, and can be one way or round trip.[1] Travel can also include relatively short stays between successive movements, as in the case of tourism.

    Etymology

    [edit]

    The origin of the word "travel" is most likely lost to history. The term "travel" may originate from the Old French word travail, which means 'work'.[2] According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary, the first known use of the word travel was in the 14th century. It also states that the word comes from Middle English travailen, travelen (which means to torment, labor, strive, journey) and earlier from Old French travailler (which means to work strenuously, toil).

    In English, people still occasionally use the words travail, which means struggle. According to Simon Winchester in his book The Best Travelers' Tales (2004), the words travel and travail both share an even more ancient root: a Roman instrument of torture called the tripalium (in Latin it means "three stakes", as in to impale).[citation needed] This link may reflect the extreme difficulty of travel in ancient times. Travel in modern times may or may not be much easier, depending upon the destination. Travel to Mount Everest, the Amazon rainforest, extreme tourism, and adventure travel are more difficult forms of travel. Travel can also be more difficult depending on the method of travel, such as by bus, cruise ship, or even by bullock cart.[3]

    Purpose and motivation

    [edit]
    Traveler's motorcycle with large rear box

    Reasons for traveling include recreation,[4] holidays, rejuvenation,[5] tourism[4] or vacationing,[4] research travel,[4] the gathering of information, visiting people, volunteer travel for charity, migration to begin life somewhere else, religious pilgrimages[4] and mission trips, business travel,[4] trade,[4] commuting, obtaining health care,[4] waging or fleeing war, for the enjoyment of traveling, or other reasons. Travelers may use human-powered transport such as walking or bicycling; or vehicles, such as public transport, automobiles, trains, ferries, boats, cruise ships and airplanes.

    Motives for travel include:

    History

    [edit]

    Travel dates back to antiquity where wealthy Greeks and Romans would travel for leisure to their summer homes and villas in cities such as Pompeii and Baiae.[9] While early travel tended to be slower, more dangerous, and more dominated by trade and migration, cultural and technological advances over many years have tended to mean that travel has become easier and more accessible.[10] Humankind has come a long way in transportation since Christopher Columbus sailed to the New World from Spain in 1492, an expedition which took over 10 weeks to arrive at the final destination; to the 21st century when aircraft allows travel from Spain to the United States overnight.

    Travel in the Middle Ages offered hardships and challenges, though it was important to the economy and to society. The wholesale sector depended (for example) on merchants dealing with/through caravans or sea-voyagers, end-user retailing often demanded the services of many itinerant peddlers wandering from village to hamlet, gyrovagues (wandering monks) and wandering friars brought theology and pastoral support to neglected areas, traveling minstrels toured, and armies ranged far and wide in various crusades and in sundry other wars.[9] Pilgrimages were common in both the European and Islamic world and involved streams of travelers both locally and internationally.[11]

    In the late 16th century, it became fashionable for young European aristocrats and wealthy upper-class men to travel to significant European cities as part of their education in the arts and literature. This was known as the Grand Tour, and included cities such as London, Paris, Venice, Florence, and Rome. However, the French Revolution brought with it the end of the Grand Tour.[9]

    Travel by water often provided more comfort and speed than land-travel, at least until the advent of a network of railways in the 19th century. Travel for the purpose of tourism is reported to have started around this time when people began to travel for fun as travel was no longer a hard and challenging task. This was capitalized on by people like Thomas Cook selling tourism packages where trains and hotels were booked together.[12] Airships and airplanes took over much of the role of long-distance surface travel in the 20th century, notably after the Second World War where there was a surplus of both aircraft and pilots.[9] Air travel has become so ubiquitous in the 21st century that one woman, Alexis Alford, visited all 196 countries before the age of 21.[13]

    Geographic types

    [edit]

    Travel may be local, regional, national (domestic) or international. In some countries, non-local internal travel may require an internal passport, while international travel typically requires a passport and visa. Tours are a common type of travel. Examples of travel tours are expedition cruises,[14] small group tours,[15] and river cruises.[16]

    Safety

    [edit]
    Travelers in a British Airways 747 airplane. Air travel is a common means of transport.
    MS Skania ferry in the port of Szczecin

    Authorities emphasize the importance of taking precautions to ensure travel safety.[17] When traveling abroad, the odds favor a safe and incident-free trip, however, travelers can be subject to difficulties, crime and violence.[18] Some safety considerations include being aware of one's surroundings,[17] avoiding being the target of a crime,[17] leaving copies of one's passport and itinerary information with trusted people,[17] obtaining medical insurance valid in the country being visited[17] and registering with one's national embassy when arriving in a foreign country.[17] Many countries do not recognize drivers' licenses from other countries; however most countries accept international driving permits.[19] Automobile insurance policies issued in one's own country are often invalid in foreign countries, and it is often a requirement to obtain temporary auto insurance valid in the country being visited.[19] It is also advisable to become oriented with the driving rules and regulations of destination countries.[19] Wearing a seat belt is highly advisable for safety reasons; many countries have penalties for violating seatbelt laws.[19]

    There are three main statistics which may be used to compare the safety of various forms of travel (based on a Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions survey in October 2000):[20]

    Mode Deaths per billion
    Journeys Hours Kilometers
    Bus 4.3 11.1 0.4
    Rail 20 30 0.6
    Air 117 30.8 0.05
    Ship 90 50 2.6
    Van 20 60 1.2
    Car 40 130 3.1
    Walking 40 220 54
    Bicycle 170 550 45
    Motorcycle 1640 4840 109

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ "Travel". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. 12 Apr 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2021.
    2. ^ Entymoligical dictionary (definition). Retrieved on 10 December 2011
    3. ^ Buzard, J. (1993). The Beaten Track. European Tourism literature, and the Ways to 'Culture' 1800 - 1918. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "The Road to Travel: Purpose of Travel." University of Florida, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. (Compilation for History 3931/REL 3938 course.) Accessed July 2011.
    5. ^ "Motivations of Travel" (PDF). U.S. Travel Association.
    6. ^ Simonson, Lawrence R.; Koth, Barbara A.; Kreag, Glenn M. (1988). "So Your Community Wants Travel/Tourism? Guidelines for Attracting and Servicing Visitors". conservancy.edu. hdl:11299/178439. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
    7. ^ a b "Motivations for Travel Fact Sheet" (PDF). U.S. Travel Association. Retrieved 23 September 2023.
    8. ^ "Cultural Experiences". Worldpackers.
    9. ^ a b c d "A History Of Why People Travel". Matador Network.
    10. ^ "A Brief Visual History of Travel". Accessed May 2017.
    11. ^ Peters, F. E. (1994). The Hajj: The Muslim Pilgrimage to Mecca and the Holy Places. Princeton University Press. p. 164. ISBN 9780691026190.
    12. ^ "A brief history of travel: From elite hobby to mass tourism". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 13 February 2018.
    13. ^ Beni, Shauna (July 29, 2019). "This Gen Zer Just Became the Youngest Person to Travel to Every Country: Alexis Alford—or Lexie Limitless, as she's known on Instagram—has set the record at just 21 years old". Conde Nast Traveler. Retrieved March 6, 2020. ... By age 12, Alexis Alford ... Alford, now 21, has accomplished her goal...
    14. ^ "Unrivaled Expedition Cruises". National Geographic Expeditions. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
    15. ^ "Book a small group tour with National Geographic Journeys and see more of the world for less". National Geographic Expeditions. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
    16. ^ "River Cruises from National Geographic - Book one of our new authentic River Cruises across Europe or Asia". National Geographic Expeditions. Retrieved 2021-04-30.
    17. ^ a b c d e f "Tips for Traveling Abroad." Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Accessed July 2011.
    18. ^ "A Safe Trip Abroad." Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Accessed July 2011.
    19. ^ a b c d "Road Safety Overseas." Bureau of Consular Affairs, U.S. Department of State. Accessed July 2011.
    20. ^ The risks of travel Archived 2001-09-07 at the Wayback Machine
    [edit]

     

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Star Sightseeing supports local communities and sustainable tourism in Victoria by partnering with local businesses, reducing waste, and promoting eco-friendly practices to ensure you're not just visiting, but also positively contributing to the area.

    You'll need to check Star Sightseeing's cancellation policies directly, as they vary. Typically, there's flexibility for unforeseen circumstances, but it's best to review the terms or contact them directly for specifics on refunds or rescheduling.

    Yes, you can customize the tour itinerary for private groups or special occasions. They're flexible and work with you to create a unique experience that meets your group's needs and makes your event memorable.