Tree Trimming/Pruning

Tree Trimming/Pruning

When to Trim/Prune Your Trees

Knowing when to trim or prune your trees can be the difference between a healthy, thriving tree and a stressed, struggling one. It's more nuanced than just grabbing your shears whenever a branch looks out of place. Timing is crucial and depends heavily on the type of tree you're dealing with and the reason for the pruning.


For most deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves in the fall), dormant pruning –– late winter or early spring before new growth begins –– is generally recommended. This allows you to clearly see the tree's structure, making it easier to identify and remove dead, diseased, or crossing branches. Plus, the tree is less susceptible to pests and diseases during dormancy, and the wounds will heal quickly come spring.


However, there are exceptions. Trees that "bleed" heavily, like maples, birches, and walnuts, are best pruned in late spring or early summer after the leaves have fully developed. This minimizes sap flow and reduces the risk of attracting insects.


Flowering trees require a bit more finesse. Pruning them at the wrong time can significantly impact their bloom. As a general rule, spring-flowering trees (like dogwoods and magnolias) should be pruned immediately after they finish flowering. Summer-flowering trees (like crape myrtles) are best pruned in late winter or early spring.


If you're pruning for specific reasons, like removing damaged or diseased branches, you can generally do so at any time of year. It's better to remove a hazardous limb immediately rather than wait for the "ideal" time. Just remember to make clean cuts to promote healing and avoid tearing the bark.


Ultimately, the best approach is to research the specific needs of your tree species. Your local arborist or cooperative extension office can provide valuable guidance and ensure you're pruning at the right time for optimal tree health and beauty.

Tree trimming and pruning might sound like the same thing, but choosing the right technique is crucial for a tree's health, appearance, and safety. Think of it like a haircut – you wouldn't use the same technique for a buzzcut as you would for layered styling. Similarly, different tree trimming techniques serve different purposes.


One common technique is crown thinning, which selectively removes branches from the crown to reduce density. This improves light penetration and air circulation, reducing the risk of disease and wind damage. It's like removing some bulk from thick hair to let the scalp breathe. Another approach is crown raising, where lower branches are removed to provide clearance for pedestrians, vehicles, or buildings. Imagine trimming the bottom of a long hairstyle so it doesn't drag on the ground.


For young trees, structural pruning is essential. This technique establishes a strong framework by selecting and nurturing dominant branches, preventing future weaknesses and improving overall form. It's like guiding a child's development to ensure they grow strong and healthy. Pollarding, a more drastic method, involves removing all branches back to the main trunk or scaffold branches annually. This creates a distinctive, compact shape, often seen in urban environments. Think of it as a very severe haircut that keeps the tree small and controlled.


Finally, deadwooding and restorative pruning address specific issues. Deadwooding removes dead, diseased, or damaged branches to prevent further decay and insect infestation. Restorative pruning helps rejuvenate older or neglected trees by removing crossing, rubbing, or weakly attached branches. These techniques are like removing split ends or treating damaged hair to restore its health.


The best technique depends on the tree species, its age, location, and the desired outcome. Consulting a certified arborist is always recommended before undertaking any significant pruning, as improper techniques can harm or even kill a tree. Just like a bad haircut, improper tree trimming can take years to correct. So, choose your technique wisely and let your trees thrive!

Citations and other links

DIY vs. Hiring a Professional Tree Service

The rustling leaves of that majestic oak in your backyard might be whispering sweet nothings, but they're also hinting at a looming decision: DIY tree trimming or calling in the professionals? It's a classic homeowner's dilemma, pitting the allure of saving a few bucks against the potential for disaster – and a hefty emergency tree removal bill later.


For the adventurous and budget-conscious, the DIY route has its appeal. A saw, some shears, a ladder, and a YouTube tutorial can feel empowering. Small branches, deadwood, and maybe even a little shaping seem manageable. But here's the rub: trees are complex organisms. Improper pruning can lead to disease, weakened structure, and even accelerate the tree's demise. Plus, there's the safety aspect. Chainsaws and ladders are a dangerous mix, especially when dealing with branches high above. One wrong move could lead to a trip to the ER, which definitely negates any initial cost savings.


Professional tree services, on the other hand, come equipped with the knowledge, experience, and specialized equipment to handle any trimming or pruning job safely and effectively. They understand tree biology, recognizing which branches need to go and which are vital for the tree's health. They also have the right tools for the job, from aerial lifts for reaching high branches to chippers for disposing of debris efficiently. This expertise translates to a healthier tree, a safer process, and ultimately, peace of mind.


Ultimately, the choice between DIY and professional tree trimming depends on the complexity of the job and your comfort level. If it's a small tree and a simple trim, you might be able to handle it yourself. But for larger trees, complex pruning, or any situation involving heights or power lines, calling in the professionals is the smartest – and often safest – investment. Think of it this way: you wouldn't attempt your own root canal, would you? Sometimes, it's best to leave it to the experts.

DIY vs. Hiring a Professional Tree Service

Cost of Tree Trimming/Pruning Services

The cost of tree trimming and pruning services can feel like a bit of a jungle itself, with prices varying wildly depending on several key factors. It's not a one-size-fits-all situation, and understanding these factors can help you navigate the quotes you receive and budget accordingly.


One of the biggest influences is the size of the tree. A small, young tree will obviously cost less to trim than a towering oak that requires specialized equipment and a skilled climber. The complexity of the job also plays a role. A simple shaping or removal of a few dead branches is a quicker, less expensive job than a complex crown reduction or cabling to support weak limbs.


Location matters too. Trees close to power lines or buildings require extra precautions and potentially more sophisticated equipment, driving up the cost. Accessibility is another factor. If the tree is easily accessible, the job will be quicker and cheaper. If it's tucked away in a difficult-to-reach spot, expect to pay a premium.


The service provider themselves will also influence the price. A certified arborist with extensive experience and insurance will likely charge more than someone just starting out. While it might be tempting to go for the cheapest option, remember that proper tree care requires knowledge and skill. A poorly executed trim can damage the tree and even create safety hazards.


Finally, don't forget about additional services. Things like stump removal, branch chipping, and cleanup will add to the overall cost. Be sure to get a detailed quote that outlines all services and associated costs upfront to avoid any surprises.


So, while it's impossible to give a hard and fast price for tree trimming and pruning, understanding these factors can help you make informed decisions and ensure you're getting the best value for your money. Don't be afraid to get multiple quotes and ask questions. Your trees are an investment, and proper care is worth the cost.

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Two workers pruning street trees in London during World War I

Pruning is a horticultural, arboricultural, and silvicultural practice involving the selective removal of certain parts of a plant, such as branches, buds, or roots.

The practice entails the targeted removal of diseased, damaged, dead, non-productive, structurally unsound, or otherwise unwanted plant material from crop and landscape plants. In general, the smaller the branch that is cut, the easier it is for a woody plant to compartmentalize the wound and thus limit the potential for pathogen intrusion and decay. It is therefore preferable to make any necessary formative structural pruning cuts to young plants, rather than removing large, poorly placed branches from mature plants.

Woody plants may undergo a process referred to as "self-pruning", where they will drop twigs or branches which are no longer producing more energy than they require. It is theorized that this process can also occur in response to lack of water, in order to reduce the surface area where water can be lost.[1] This natural shedding of branches is called cladoptosis.

Specialized pruning practices may be applied to certain plants, such as roses, fruit trees, and grapevines. Different pruning techniques may be used on herbaceous plants than those used on perennial woody plants.

Reasons to prune plants include deadwood removal, shaping (by controlling or redirecting growth), improving or sustaining health, reducing risk from falling branches, preparing nursery specimens for transplanting, and both harvesting and increasing the yield or quality of flowers and fruits.

Pruning terms

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Branch wood, trunk wood, branch collar, branch bark ridge clearly identified on a tree.
 

Branch wood

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Branch wood is an individual stem that grows off of another stem.

Trunk wood

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Trunk wood is the main stem of a tree which individual stems grow out of.

This refers to the area below the union of where branch wood attaches with the trunk/stem wood. This can often appear raised.

Branch bark ridge

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This refers to the junction between branch wood and trunk/stem wood. It usually looks raised. [2]

Types of Pruning

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An arborist pruning a tree near the Statue of Liberty

Pruning in an urban setting is crucial due to the tree being in drastically different conditions than where it naturally grows.[3]

Arborists, orchardists, and gardeners use various garden tools and tree cutting tools designed for the purpose, such as secateurs, loppers, handsaws, or chainsaws.[4] Additionally in forestry, pole pruners (averruncators in British English) and pole saws are commonly used, and these are often attached to poles that reach up to 5–6 m (16–20 ft). This is a more efficient and safer way of pruning than with ladders. These bush saws on polls have also been motorized as chainsaws which is even more efficient. Older technology used Billhooks, Kaiser blades, and pruning knives. Although still used in some coppicing, they are not used so much in commercial forestry due to the difficulty of cutting flush with the stem. Flush cuts happen when a pruner cuts into the cambium layer of the main trunk, which can happen when a pruner is not precise with pruning cuts, and removes a portion of the branch collar, which can put the tree at risk of entry cords from forest pathogens.

Although there are several different types of pruning, they can be simplified into two categories. One of which is cutting the branch back to a specific and intermediate point, called a "reduction cut", and the other of which is completely removing a branch back to the union where the branch connects which the main trunk, called "removal cut".[5]

Dense growth results after shearing

A "reduction cut" is when one removes a portion of a growing stem down to a set of desirable buds or side-branching stems. This is commonly performed in well trained plants for a variety of reasons, for example to stimulate growth of flowers, fruit or branches, as a preventive measure to wind and snow damage on long stems and branches, and finally to encourage growth of the stems in a desirable direction.

  • Thinning: A more drastic form of pruning, a thinning out cut, is the removal of an entire shoot, limb, or branch at its point of origin.[5] This is usually employed to revitalize a plant by removing over-mature, weak, problematic, and excessive growths. When performed correctly, thinning encourages the formation of new growth that will more readily bear fruit and flowers. This is a common technique in pruning roses and for amplifying and "opening-up" the branching of neglected trees, or for renewing shrubs with multiple branches.
  • Topping: Topping is a very severe form of pruning which involves removing all branches and growths down to a few large branches or to the trunk of the tree. When performed correctly it is used on very young trees, and can be used to begin training younger trees for pollarding or for trellising to form an espalier.
  • Raising removes the lower branches from a tree in order to provide clearance for buildings, vehicles, pedestrians, and vistas. [6]
  • Reduction reduces the size of a tree, often for clearance for utility lines. Reducing the height or spread of a tree is best accomplished by pruning back the leaders and branch terminals to lateral branches that are large enough to assume the terminal roles (at least one-third the diameter of the cut stem). Compared to topping, reduction helps maintain the form and structural integrity of the tree.[7]

In orchards, fruit trees are often lopped to encourage regrowth and to maintain a smaller tree for ease of picking fruit. The pruning regime in orchards is more planned, and the productivity of each tree is an important factor.

Deadwooding

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Branches die off for a number of reasons including sunlight deficiency, pest and disease damage, and root structure damage. A dead branch will at some point decay back to the parent stem and fall off. This is normally a slow process but can be hastened by high winds or extreme temperatures. The main reason deadwooding is performed is safety. Situations that usually demand removal of deadwood include trees that overhang public roads, houses, public areas, power lines, telephone cables and gardens. Trees located in wooded areas are usually assessed as lower risk but assessments consider the number of visitors. Trees adjacent to footpaths and access roads are often considered for deadwood removal.[8]

Another reason for deadwooding is amenity value, i.e. a tree with a large amount of deadwood throughout the crown will look more aesthetically pleasing with the deadwood removed. The physical practice of deadwooding can be carried out most of the year though should be avoided when the tree is coming into leaf. The deadwooding process speeds up the tree's natural abscission process. It also reduces unwanted weight and wind resistance and can help overall balance.

Preventive structural pruning

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Preventative and structural pruning can be done to mitigate several issues young trees may have in the future. The structural pruning can reduce tree stress, increase the lifespan of trees, and promotes resistance to damage due to natural weather events. Attributes of trees with good structure include excurrent growth by having a single dominant leader, branch unions without included bark, and a balanced canopy. Structural pruning does this by developing or maintaining a dominant leader, identify the lowest branches in the canopy, prevent branches below the permanent canopy from growing too large, keeping all branches less than one half the trunk diameter, space main branches along one dominant trunk, and suppress growth on branches with included bark. [9]

Subordination pruning

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Subordination pruning is done on limbs that will exceed 50% percent of the stem diameter. A reduction cut may be performed while still allowing about 50% of the branch. This is done to help maintain form and deter the formation of co-dominant leaders. Temporary branches may be too large for a removal cut so subordination pruning should be done to slowly reduce a limb by 50% each year to allow the tree to properly heal from the cut. As a tree becomes larger the slower it grows. Reducing the larger limbs for eventual removal will allow for the tree to promote new growth rather than using energy in encouraging unwanted limbs to continue to grow. Removing a large branch increases the likelihood of the cut to not heal properly which also may attract insects, diseases and fungus. [9][10]

Crown thinning

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Crown thinning is the removal of live healthy branches which increases light penetration, air circulation and reduces wind resistance which reduces risks from damage and the possibility of pest infestation. [11]

Crown raising

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Crown raising involves the removal of the lower branches to a given height. The height is achieved by the removal of whole branches or removing the parts of branches which extend below the desired height. The branches are normally not lifted to more than one third of the tree's total height.

Crown lifting is done for access; these being pedestrian, vehicle or space for buildings and street furniture. Lifting the crown will allow traffic and pedestrians to pass underneath safely. This pruning technique is usually used in the urban environment as it is for public safety and aesthetics rather than tree form and timber value.

Crown lifting introduces light to the lower part of the trunk; this, in some species can encourage epicormic growth from dormant buds. To reduce this sometimes smaller branches are left on the lower part of the trunk. Excessive removal of the lower branches can displace the canopy weight, this will make the tree top heavy, therefore adding stress to the tree. When a branch is removed from the trunk, it creates a large wound. This wound is susceptible to disease and decay, and could lead to reduced trunk stability. Therefore, much time and consideration must be taken when choosing the height the crown is to be lifted to.

This would be an inappropriate operation if the tree species’ form was of a shrubby nature. This would therefore remove most of the foliage and would also largely unbalance the tree. This procedure should not be carried out if the tree is in decline, poor health or dead, dying or dangerous (DDD) as the operation will remove some of the photosynthetic area the tree uses. This will increase the decline rate of the tree and could lead to death.

If the tree is of great importance to an area or town, (i.e. veteran or ancient) then an alternative solution to crown lifting would be to move the target or object so it is not in range. For example, diverting a footpath around a tree's drip line so the crown lift is not needed. Another solution would be to prop up or cable-brace the low hanging branch. This is a non-invasive solution which in some situations may be more economical and environmentally friendly. [12]

Vista pruning

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Selectively pruning a window of view in a tree.

Crown reduction

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Reducing the height and or spread of a tree by selectively cutting back to smaller branches and in fruit trees for increasing of light interception and enhancing fruit quality.

Pollarding

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A regular form of pruning where certain deciduous species are pruned back to pollard heads every year in the dormant period. This practice is usually commenced on juvenile trees so they can adapt to the harshness of the practice. This practice can be used for tree shaping but is also used in specific species which young branches can be sold for floral arrangements.

Deadheading

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Deadheading is the act of removing spent flowers or flowerheads for aesthetics, to prolong bloom for up to several weeks or promote rebloom, or to prevent seeding.

Time period

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Pruning of trees in Chandigarh

In general, pruning deadwood and small branches can be done at any time of year. Depending on the species, many temperate plants can be pruned either during dormancy in winter, or, for species where winter frost can harm a recently pruned plant, after flowering is completed. In the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere autumn pruning should be avoided, as the spores of disease and decay fungi are abundant at this time of year.

Some woody plants tend to bleed profusely from cuts, such as mesquite and maple. Some callus over slowly, such as magnolia. In this case, they are better pruned during active growth when they can more readily heal. Woody plants that flower early in the season, on spurs that form on wood that has matured the year before, such as apples, should be pruned right after flowering as later pruning will sacrifice flowers the following season. Forsythia, azaleas and lilacs all fall into this category.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ BCMA, Jeremiah_Sandler (2021-02-01). "On Removing Deadwood, Part 1". Tree Care Industry Magazine. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  2. ^ McKenzie, Rita; Holt, Harvey. "Trees Need a Proper Start – Prune Them Right" (PDF). Urban Forestry Specialists, Forestry and Natural Resources. Purdue University.
  3. ^ Fraedrich, Bruce. “Structural Pruning of Young Trees.” Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories Technical Report.
  4. ^ Encyclopedia of gardening (3rd U.S., rev. and updated ed.). London: DK Pub. 2012. pp. 554–556. ISBN 9780756698287.
  5. ^ a b "Tree Fruit Production Guide". tfpg.cas.psu.edu. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  6. ^ "Raising - Pruning - Landscape plants - Edward F. Gilman - UF/IFAS". hort.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-28.
  7. ^ "Reducing - Pruning - Landscape plants - Edward F. Gilman - UF/IFAS". hort.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-28.
  8. ^ "Removal of dead wood - Nelson's Tree Services". Archived from the original on 15 December 2017. Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  9. ^ a b Gilman, Edward F.; Bisson, Amanda (2008-01-24). "Chapter 12 — Developing a Preventative Pruning Program: Young Trees". EDIS. 2008 (1). doi:10.32473/edis-ep315-2007. ISSN 2576-0009.
  10. ^ Gilman, Edward F. (2012). An illustrated guide to pruning (3rd ed.). Clifton Park, NY: Delmar. ISBN 978-1-111-30730-1.
  11. ^ "Crown Reduction - Nelson's Tree Services". Retrieved 20 December 2017.
  12. ^ Smiley, E, and Bruce Fraedrich. “Pruning Standard to Maintain Landscape Trees.” Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories Technical Report.

Bibliography

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  • Sunset Editors, (1995) Western Garden Book, Sunset Books Inc, ISBN 978-0-376-03851-7
  • James, N. D. G, The arboriculturalist's companion, second edition 1990, Blackwell Publishers Ltd, Great Britain.
  • Shigo, A, 1991, Modern arboriculture, third printing, Durham, New Hampshire, USA, Shirwin Dodge Printers.
  • Shigo, A, 1989, A New Tree Biology. Shigo & trees Associates.
  • J.M. Dunn, C.J. Atkinson, N.A. Hipps, 2002, Effects of two different canopy manipulations on leaf water use and photosynthesis as determined by gas exchange and stable isotope discrimination, East Malling, University of Cambridge.
  • Shigo. A. L, 1998, Modern Arboriculture, third printing (2003), USA, Sherwin Dodge Printers
  • British standards 3998:1989, Recommendations for Tree Work.
  • Lonsdale. D, 1999, Principles of tree hazard assessment and management, 6th impression 2008, forestry commission, Great Britain.
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Tree trimmer on tracked treads
(Click for video)

Tree care is the application of arboricultural methods like pruning, trimming, and felling/thinning[1] in built environments. Road verge, greenways, backyard and park woody vegetation are at the center of attention for the tree care industry. Landscape architecture and urban forestry[2][3] also set high demands on professional tree care. High safety standards against the dangers of tree care have helped the industry evolve. Especially felling in space-limited environments poses significant risks: the vicinity of power or telephone lines, insufficient protective gear (against falling dead wood, chainsaw wounds, etc.) and narrow felling zones with endangered nearby buildings, parking cars, etc.. The required equipment and experience usually transcends private means and is often considered too costly as a permanent part of the public infrastructure. In singular cases, traditional tools like handsaws may suffice, but large-scale tree care usually calls for heavy machinery like cranes, bucket trucks, harvesters, and woodchippers.

Road side trees are especially prone to abiotic stress by exhaust fumes, toxic road debris, soil compaction, and drought which makes them susceptible to fungal infections and various plant pests[4] like the spotted lantern fly.[5] When tree removal is not an option, because of road ecology considerations, the main challenge is to achieve road safety (visibility of road signs, blockage-free lanes, etc.) while maintaining tree health.

Tree removal

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While the perceived risk of death by falling trees (a part of the "tree risk" complex) is influenced by media and often hyped (the objective risk has been reported to be close to 1 : 10.000.000, almost as low as death by lightning),[6] singular events have encouraged a "proactive" stance so that even lightly damaged trees are likely to be removed in urban and public traffic surroundings.[3] As a tree ages and nears the end of its safe useful life expectancy (SULE),[7] its perceived amenity value is decreased greatly. A risk assessment normally carried out by local council's arborist to determine the best course of action.[8][9] As with all public green spaces, trees in green urban spaces and their careful conservation is sometimes in conflict with aggressive urban development even though it is often understood how urban trees contribute to liveability of suburbs and cities both objectively (reduction of urban heat island effect, etc.) and subjectively.[10][11][12][13] Tree planting programs implemented by a growing number of cities, local councils and organizations is mitigating the losses and in most cases increasing the number of trees in suburbia.[14] Programs include the planting of 2 trees for every 1 tree removed, while some councils are paying land owners to keep trees instead of removing them for farming or construction.[15]

Standards

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United States

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The voluntary industry consensus standards developed by TCIA, resulted in the ANSI A300 standard, the generally accepted industry standard for tree care practices including trees, shrubs, and other woody plants.[16] It includes the following parts:

  1. Pruning
  2. Soil management
  3. Supplemental support systems
  4. Lightning protection systems
  5. Management
  6. Planting and transplanting
  7. Integrated vegetation management
  8. Root management standard
  9. Tree risk assessment
  10. Integrated pest management

Professional associations

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Council, Cornwall. "Practical Guidelines for Young Tree Care - Cornwall Council". www.cornwall.gov.uk. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  2. ^ "Urban Forestry Management in Denver Colorado - Denver Tree Service - Tree Removal - Snow Removal". environmentaltreecarellc.com. Retrieved 2018-06-11.
  3. ^ a b "Urban Forestry Operations". City of Toronto. Urban Forestry maintains 4.1 million trees on public property, which includes an estimated 3.5 million trees within Toronto's parks and ravines, and approximately 600,000 trees on City streets. ... The focus of our maintenance service is shifting progressively from reactive maintenance to proactive maintenance.
  4. ^ Frankfurt, Umweltamt. "Tree protection in Frankfurt : Stadt Frankfurt am Main | Dezernat Umwelt und Gesundheit | Umweltamt". frankfurt-greencity.de (in German). Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  5. ^ "spotted lantern fly".
  6. ^ "EPA – Home" (PDF).
  7. ^ "NOTES ON SAFE USEFUL LIFE EXPECTANCY (SULE RATING) AS USED IN TREE DESCRIPTION" (PDF). strathfield.nsw.gov.au.
  8. ^ Northrop, Andrew K. Koeser, Gitta Hasing, Drew McLean, and Rob (2016-12-20). "Tree Risk Assessment Methods: A Comparison of Three Common Evaluation Forms". edis.ifas.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-06.cite web: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  9. ^ "Tree Removal Australia – Stay Smart, Save Money". GoTreeQuotes. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  10. ^ "Greening Our Streets Street Tree Management Plan" (PDF). City of Whittlesea, Australia. 2016.
  11. ^ Peter Mitham (2015). "Redevelopment, urban tree removal raise city residents' concerns". Business Vancouver.
  12. ^ eugenie stockmann (2016). "Are developers to blame for loss of tree cover in urban areas?". The Green Swing.
  13. ^ Dinh Muoi, Thanh Nien News (2016). "Ho Chi Minh City announces massive tree removal plan for metro station". Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Ho Chi Minh City has announced a plan to move and cut down 300 trees on Ton Duc Thang Street in District 1 to make space for a bridge connecting to District 2 and a metro station.
  14. ^ "Buy Trees and Learn About Trees - Visit our Online Nursery". www.arborday.org. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
  15. ^ "NVIM Quick Reference Guide. Obligations under the Biodiversity Conservation Strategy" (PDF). environment.vic.gov.au.
  16. ^ Advanced Solutions International Inc. "TCIA | A300 Standards". www.tcia.org. Retrieved 2018-04-06.
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Frequently Asked Questions

Trimming and pruning improves tree health, safety, and aesthetics. It removes dead, diseased, or damaged branches, promotes proper growth, and can prevent future problems.
While light pruning can be done year-round, heavier pruning is typically best during the dormant season (late fall to early spring) before new growth begins.
The cost varies depending on the size, type, and location of the tree, as well as the extent of the work needed. Contact us for a free estimate.
Yes, we are fully licensed and insured for your protection. We adhere to industry best practices and safety standards.