Botox Cosmetic Consultation

Botox Cosmetic Consultation

Botox for skin rejuvenation

Most common side effects are mild and temporary, including bruising, swelling, or redness at the injection site. Learn more about Botox Cosmetic Consultation here Having explored the transformative results in our Before and After Gallery, you're likely feeling inspired and perhaps curious about taking the next step with Manhas Health Co. This simple step helps prevent the Botox from spreading to unintended muscles. We take the time to understand your specific needs and goals, ensuring a tailored treatment plan that's right for you. Learn more about Manhas Health Co. here. Hearing how our services have positively impacted their lives truly inspires us.
This preventative measure can be particularly effective in areas where expression lines commonly form, such as around the eyes, forehead, and mouth. After scheduling your consultation with us at Manhas Health Co., you're on the path to embracing a radiant future filled with confidence and beauty. Anticipation builds as you get ready for your Botox session at Manhas Health Co., marking the first step towards achieving your desired aesthetic goals. Let's get you set on your journey to looking and feeling your best!
Beyond the convenience of minimal downtime, we're proud to highlight that Botox treatments at Manhas Health Co. also offer long-lasting results that our clients love. New Westminster Botox reviews Applying a broad-spectrum sunscreen daily protects our skin from UV damage, which can diminish the results of our Botox treatment. These typically subside within a few days. Choosing Manhas Health Co means opting for excellence, care, and value.
I look like me, but refreshed. As we explore the treatment process and the importance of aftercare to secure lasting results, we invite you to join us in uncovering the potential benefits that await. We've gathered a few tips to ensure you're fully prepared for the treatment day. This means you're getting not only expert care but also the most innovative treatments available.

It's this combination of technical skill and personal touch that sets our team apart. We then craft a personalized treatment plan, ensuring the results align with their desires.

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    The process involves small injections that relax the muscles responsible for creating wrinkles, resulting in a smoother, fresher facial appearance. Choosing Manhas Health Co means you're not just getting a Botox treatment; you're receiving a comprehensive service that values your well-being and aesthetic aspirations. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to enhancing your beauty with the utmost care and professionalism.

    Our team at Manhas Health Co. is dedicated to transparency. Botox for under-eye wrinkles This is where frown lines occur, and Botox can significantly reduce these marks of concentration or concern, contributing to a friendlier, more approachable appearance. We understand the importance of individualized care. By carefully administering Botox in targeted areas, we can significantly reduce sweat production, offering relief and boosted confidence.

    We've made the process as simple and hassle-free as possible, ensuring you're on your way to a fresher, more youthful look without any stress. Trust us to provide you with a Botox treatment that not only meets but exceeds your expectations, highlighting your natural beauty in the best possible light. Our team specializes in harnessing the science behind Botox to not only reduce the appearance of wrinkles but also to prevent new ones from forming. You can call us directly or use our online booking system, whichever suits your lifestyle better.

    But why choose Manhas Health Co. for your Botox needs, and what can you really expect from this popular treatment? We're committed to ensuring our clients at Manhas Health Co. understand both the advantages and the risks. We're here to guide you through the financial aspects, ensuring clarity and ease of access to our services. However, the true essence of our approach and the breadth of services available is something best appreciated firsthand.

    Botox for Facial Rejuvenation New Westminster

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    Botulinum toxin Description for Botulinum toxin Source
    Skeletal muscle Description for Skeletal muscle Source
    Eyelid Description for Eyelid Source
    Eye drop Description for Eye drop Source
    Injectable filler Description for Injectable filler Source
    Marionette lines Description for Marionette lines Source
    Lip Description for Lip Source
    Dermatology Description for Dermatology Source
    Mohs surgery Description for Mohs surgery Source
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    Varicose veins Description for Varicose veins Source
    Melanocytic nevus Description for Melanocytic nevus Source
    Collagen induction therapy Description for Collagen induction therapy Source
    Platelet-rich plasma Description for Platelet-rich plasma Source
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    New Westminster Description for New Westminster Source
    British Columbia Description for British Columbia Source
    Rhinoplasty Description for Rhinoplasty Source
    Masseter muscle Description for Masseter muscle Source
    Submental triangle Description for Submental triangle Source
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    Botox Treatment New Westminster

    Richard Clement Moody arrived in British Columbia in December 1858, at the head of the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, having been hand picked to "found a second England on the shores of the Pacific".  Moody "wanted to build a city of beauty in the wilderness" and planned his city as an iconic visual metaphor for British dominance, "styled and located with the objective of reinforcing the authority of the Crown and of the robe  Subsequent to the enactment of the Pre-emption Act of 1860, Moody settled the Lower Mainland and selected the site and founded the new capital, New Westminster. Moody and the Royal Engineers were trained in settlement and selected the site because of its defensibility: it was farther from the American border than the site of the colony's proclamation, Fort Langley, possessed "great facilities for communication by water, as well as by future great trunk railways into the interior and possessed an excellent port  Moody was also struck by the majestic beauty of the site, writing in his letter to Blackwood:

    Botox Treatment New Westminster


    Botox Treatment Consultation New Westminster

    Nearby Tourist Attractions

    New Westminster Museum

    Tourist attraction, Archive, Museum
    New Westminster Museum, 777 Columbia St, New Westminster, BC V3M 1B6
    Small contemporary exhibition of local historical artifacts, records, photos & vehicles.

    Fraser River Discovery Centre

    Visitor center, Art museum, Children's amusement center, Science museum, Tourist attraction
    Fraser River Discovery Centre, 788 Quayside Dr, New Westminster, BC V3M 6Z6
    Modern museum featuring hands-on educational exhibits about the Fraser River & its history.

    Samson V Museum

    Tourist attraction, Historical landmark, Historical place museum
    Samson V Museum, 880 Quayside Dr, New Westminster, BC V3M 6G1

    FRASER RIVER NEW WESTMINSTER BC CANADÁ

    Tourist attraction
    FRASER RIVER NEW WESTMINSTER BC CANADÁ, Quayside Dr, New Westminster, BC V3M 6T8

    Charles Rummel Park

    Tourist attraction, Park
    Charles Rummel Park, 3325 Piper Ave, Burnaby, BC V5A 2A8
    Park featuring a playground with a splash area, plus a ball diamond, walking paths & restrooms.

    Citations and other links

    Botox Safety Standards Botox Cosmetic Consultation

    It's not permanent, lasting about 3 to 6 months, which means we can adjust treatments as our clients' needs change over time. At Manhas Health Co., we're dedicated to providing our clients with the highest level of care and expertise in cosmetic Botox treatments. We're here to answer any questions you may have and to ensure your recovery is as smooth and swift as possible.

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    Lastly, we're proud to offer a new Botox service focused on the jawline. We understand that your time is valuable, so we've streamlined our booking process to minimize wait times and get you in for your treatment as quickly as possible.

    This commitment to ongoing education means we're not just keeping pace with industry standards; we're setting them. This means you're always getting the best, most innovative care available. When considering Botox treatments, it's crucial to understand their safety profile and effectiveness, ensuring you're making a well-informed decision. We understand the importance of looking and feeling your best.

    This diversity ensures that everyone can find a story they relate to, making the decision to proceed with Botox treatments a bit easier. We're committed to educating our clients on how Botox can offer more than just cosmetic improvements. We'll work with you to create a maintenance plan that suits your lifestyle and keeps you looking your best. We've seen firsthand how this mechanism can smooth out fine lines and give our clients a more youthful look.

    Lastly, questions about the longevity and maintenance of Botox results are common. Booking your appointment at Manhas Health Co. is the first step. We understand the importance of maintaining a fresh and natural look without the constant need for reapplication or retreatment. We're proud to say that every member of our team isn't just highly trained in their field, but also passionately committed to providing the best possible care and results for our clients.

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    We'll give you detailed aftercare instructions to ensure a smooth recovery. How can you best prepare for Botox treatment and what steps should you follow for optimal recovery? Botox before and after We always emphasize the importance of consulting with our specialists before deciding on Botox. Before your appointment, we recommend avoiding alcohol and blood-thinning medications like aspirin for a few days to reduce the risk of bruising. Botox for skin rejuvenation When considering cosmetic Botox at Manhas Health Co, it's vital to know what the journey entails from start to finish.
    We're committed to providing treatments that not only meet but exceed your expectations. That's why we're committed to creating personalized treatment plans that cater specifically to your goals, concerns, and skin type. We're here to accommodate your schedule, offering appointments throughout the week, including evenings and weekends. From preparing for your session to following through with aftercare, we ensure a seamless experience that promises results.
    Cosmetic Botox, widely recognized for its ability to smooth wrinkles, is a minimally invasive treatment that's revolutionized facial rejuvenation. Botox for youthful appearance Choosing Manhas Health Co for your cosmetic Botox needs ensures you're opting for unparalleled expertise and personalized care. One client mentioned, 'I never thought I'd feel this good about my reflection again. Our approach is holistic; we don't just look at the area you want to enhance, we consider your overall well-being. Read more about Botox Cosmetic Consultation here
    Our team of experts, known for their meticulous care and profound knowledge, is ready to guide you through the process, ensuring your experience is as comfortable and rewarding as possible. We're here to guide you through the aftercare process and answer any questions, ensuring you're delighted with your rejuvenated skin. Our team's expertise ensures that doses are precise, targeting only the intended muscles, minimizing risks, and maximizing the beauty of natural-looking results.

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    Our team consists of licensed professionals who use only FDA-approved Botox products.

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    At Manhas Health Co., we've seen firsthand how this treatment can boost confidence and provide a refreshed, more youthful appearance. We're excited to offer Cosmetic Botox because it's a quick, minimally invasive procedure that can make a significant difference in how people perceive themselves.

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    It's more than cosmetic; it's a boost to one's self-esteem. I look like myself, just more vibrant.

    We're also committed to making our treatments accessible. We use a fine needle to inject Botox into targeted areas, causing minimal discomfort. We've built a reputation for excellence, focusing on personalized care that ensures each client feels heard, valued, and thoroughly understood.

    This precaution prevents the Botox from spreading to unintended muscles. That's why we've expanded our wellness services to include top-rated cosmetic Botox, a proven solution for reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. It's common for clients to worry about the safety and side effects of these procedures.

    Botox helps soften these, giving you a fresher, more youthful look. That's why we don't believe in a one-size-fits-all approach. At Manhas Health Co, we prioritize your safety and satisfaction above everything else.

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    At Manhas Health Co., it's all about celebrating your individuality while helping you look and feel your best. We're here to guide our clients through this journey, ensuring they feel supported and excited about the possibilities Cosmetic Botox brings. While discussing the benefits of Botox, it's crucial to address the safety and potential side effects associated with the treatment. This commitment to quality means you'll see better, longer-lasting results. Our team is composed of highly skilled professionals who specialize in cosmetic treatments, ensuring you're in the safest hands.

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    Whether it's crow's feet, forehead lines, or frown lines that bother you, we've got the expertise to address those concerns. Many share stories of newfound confidence and joy in their appearance, praising not just the results but the care and professionalism they encountered at Manhas Health Co. Once you've booked your appointment, we'll send you a confirmation email with all the details you'll need, including any prep instructions for your Botox treatment. We're not just about providing a service; we're about creating an experience.

    At our clinic, we believe that enhancing your natural beauty starts with personalized Botox treatments designed to complement your unique features. We understand that each individual comes with their own set of expectations and questions about the procedure. You can book your appointment directly through our website, where you'll find an easy-to-use booking system. I didn't think such a quick procedure could make me feel so refreshed and youthful.” This kind of testimonial is exactly what we aim for - real results that you can see and feel.

    We're committed to not just meeting but exceeding your expectations with our state-of-the-art services. We start by conducting a detailed consultation, where we listen to your desires and assess your facial anatomy. But the advantages don't stop at aesthetics. We've handpicked each member for their expertise, dedication, and passion for wellness and beauty.

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    It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling more confident in our skin.

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    Our Before and After Gallery showcases the dramatic transformations our clients have experienced, further illustrating the remarkable impact of our Botox treatments. It's our belief that informed clients are empowered clients, and your peace of mind is as important to us as your physical well-being. It's relatively painless, with most clients describing it as a slight pinch.

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    We've discovered that by understanding how Botox works, our clients can make informed decisions about their beauty treatments. When we inject Botox into specific muscles, it binds to the nerve endings, stopping the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter responsible for muscle movement. Once we've established a treatment plan tailored just for you, we'll schedule your first session. Facial rejuvenation Botox clinics
    Our team's extensive knowledge in cosmetic Botox treatments guarantees you receive the most effective solutions tailored to your unique needs and desires. Our goal is to ensure everyone leaves feeling informed and excited about their Botox journey. At Manhas Health Co., we're dedicated to making your cosmetic Botox experience positive and rewarding.
    Let's help you achieve the results you're looking for with the care and expertise you deserve. One client shared, 'Before Botox, I constantly looked tired, no matter how rested I was. It's essential to let our skin settle naturally.

    Learn more about Botox Cosmetic Consultation here

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    Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

    A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

    Skin

    [edit]

    Causes for aging wrinkles

    [edit]
    A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

    Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

    Sleep wrinkles

    [edit]

    Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

    Water-immersion wrinkling

    [edit]
    A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

    The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

    Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

    Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

    In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

    This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

    Other animals with wrinkles

    [edit]

    Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

    Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

    [edit]
    A man receiving a botox injection

    Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

    Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

    Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

    Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

    Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

    Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

    Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
    2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
    3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
    4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
    5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
    6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
    7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
    8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
    9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
    10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
    11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
    12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
    13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
    14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
    15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
    16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
    17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
    18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
    19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
    20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
    21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
    22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
    23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
    [edit]

    Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

    A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

    Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

    Etymology

    [edit]
    The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

    The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

    An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

    Overview

    [edit]
    A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

    Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

    Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

    Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

    Function

    [edit]
    Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

    The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

    Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

    Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

    Large outpatient clinics

    [edit]
    Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

    Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

    Function

    [edit]

    Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

    Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

    Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

    Internationally

    [edit]
    Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

    Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

    In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

    Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

    In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

    India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

    Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

    Mobile clinics

    [edit]
    Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
    A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

    Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

    A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

    A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

    Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

    Types

    [edit]
    Storefront clinic in Manhattan

    There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

    • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
    • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
    • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
    • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
    • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
    • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
    2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
    3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
    4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
    5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
    6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
    7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
    8. ^ Google
    9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
    10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
    11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
    12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
    13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
    14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
    15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

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