Maryland, located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, boasts a diverse geography characterized by its varied landscapes. The state is bordered by Pennsylvania to the north, Delaware to the east, Virginia to the south, and West Virginia to the west, with the Chesapeake Bay running through its center. This unique geographical position allows Maryland to feature both coastal plains and mountainous areas, including the Appalachian Mountains in the west. The state's longest river, the Potomac, provides crucial waterway access that has historically been vital for trade and transport. The geography has also fostered a rich array of ecosystems, from marshlands on the Eastern Shore to dense forests in the western regions.
As of the latest estimates, Maryland's population stands at approximately 6 million residents, making it one of the most densely populated states in the country. This diverse demographic landscape includes significant urban centers, such as Baltimore, which serves as the largest city, and Annapolis, the state capital. The population reflects a rich cultural tapestry, influenced by the state's historical significance as a border state during the Civil War and its proximity to the nation's capital, Washington, D.C. The state has a high median household income and boasts an educated populace, with a significant percentage of residents holding bachelor's degrees or higher.
Maryland experiences a humid subtropical climate, characterized by four distinct seasons, including hot summers and cold winters. The climate is influenced by its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, leading to moderate temperatures along the coast, while inland areas might experience more extreme weather variations. Average summer temperatures can reach the high 80s (°F), while winter temperatures can dip into the 20s. This climatic variation contributes to the state's biodiversity and affects agricultural practices, making Maryland a notable area for farming, especially for crops like corn and soybeans.
The state is home to numerous major attractions and educational institutions that enhance its appeal. Historical landmarks such as Fort McHenry, the site of the Battle of Baltimore during the War of 1812, draw visitors interested in American history. The National Aquarium in Baltimore offers insights into marine life, while outdoor enthusiasts can explore the scenic beauty of the Appalachian Trail and Assateague Island National Seashore. Maryland is also renowned for its esteemed educational institutions, including Johns Hopkins University and the University of Maryland, College Park. These schools not only contribute to the state's reputation as a center for research and higher education but also play a significant role in shaping the local economy and workforce.