Home Renovation Projects Surrey

Home Renovation Projects Surrey

Custom home remodeling

Our team of skilled professionals is equipped with the latest tools and techniques to deliver high-quality workmanship that not only meets but exceeds your expectations. Secondly, Canyon prioritizes clear communication. Think solar panels, energy-saving appliances, and repurposed materials. They're mindful of water conservation too, recommending fixtures that reduce water usage without sacrificing functionality. That's why we kick things off with a deep dive into your ideas and aspirations. Entertainment room renovation Learn more about Home Renovation Projects Surrey here
Just be mindful of high interest rates if you don't pay the balance promptly. Moreover, Canyon Property Projects tailors their services to fit your budget without compromising on quality or aesthetic appeal. The future of home customization promises limitless possibilities, allowing you to tailor every aspect of your living space to suit your unique needs and preferences. Learn more about Home Remodeling Services in Surrey, BC here. House remodeling experts In the world of home renovation, where the only constant is the dust and the surprises lurking behind every wall, Canyon Property Projects emerges as a beacon of reliability and professionalism in Home Renovation Projects Surrey.
Plus, their email is always open for inquiries, allowing you to get detailed information at your own pace. If you're more comfortable with a direct approach, they've got you covered. Our outdoor projects focus on drought-resistant landscaping, promoting a greener, more resilient outdoor space. It's all about making informed decisions that align with your values.
We pride ourselves on our ability to listen to your needs and translate them into reality, all while staying within your budget. This form asks for basic information like your name, email, and details about your project. So, if you're looking to break free from the mundane and embrace a home that's tailor-made for you, they're the team to call. This isn't just about blueprints and budgets; it's about capturing the essence of what you want your living space to become.

It's not just about the drastic changes; it's about how these renovations reflect the unique styles and needs of each homeowner. With Canyon Property Projects, your renovation project is an exciting journey to a space that's uniquely yours, imbued with personal touches that make it truly feel like home. They've taken a hands-on approach to make a difference, whether it's by sponsoring local sports teams, participating in charity events, or offering their expertise to help with community-led improvement projects. By staying ahead of industry trends and employing innovative solutions, they ensure your project not only meets but surpasses modern standards.

Imagine a space where functionality meets personalized style, where every inch is optimized for your lifestyle. They're committed to using high-quality materials and the latest technologies to deliver a kitchen that withstands the test of time. Our goal is to create spaces that aren't only visually stunning but also functionally advanced.

Canyon Property Projects Ltd. knows the importance of adaptability in today's homes and focuses on creating spaces that reflect this need. So, if you're looking for a renovation partner who truly understands your vision and is dedicated to making it a reality, you've found them in Canyon Property. It's about creating environments that foster well-being and connect neighbors, turning individual houses into cohesive neighborhoods.

Imagine your kitchen, once cramped and outdated, now an expansive, state-of-the-art culinary studio where you can unleash your gourmet skills.

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You've got a vision for your space, and we're here to ensure the financial side doesn't hold you back. As someone keen on transforming your living space, you've likely experienced the overwhelming task of sifting through countless contractors, seeking those rare gems that promise both reliability and quality.

Citations and other links

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This document outlines the project scope, timeline, and an accurate quotation. What sets us apart is our commitment to communication and collaboration. This level of customization means your home will grow and change with you, always providing the perfect backdrop to your life. You'll choose materials and technologies that not only reduce your carbon footprint but also enhance your living experience.

Once you're happy and give the green light, they'll kick off the project, keeping you informed and involved every step of the way. We understand that your home is more than just a place to live; it's a reflection of your personal style and a sanctuary for your family. If you're looking to expand your living space, we also handle extensions and loft conversions, providing that much-needed extra room with seamless integration into your existing home layout.

So, when it's time to renovate, trust us to deliver a home that's as beautiful as it's well-made. This isn't about imposing trends or one-size-fits-all solutions. It's clear that Canyon Property Projects isn't just transforming homes; we're also making a positive impact on the environment and our clients' lives.

From custom cabinetry in the kitchen to intricately designed bathroom tiles, they're all about elevating your space to the next level.

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That's why we're committed to efficient timelines and transparent costings. In today's era, homeowners are increasingly prioritizing sustainable building practices, and Canyon Property Projects consistently meets this demand with eco-friendly solutions.

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This way, you avoid paying interest altogether. Once we've got a solid understanding of what you're after, our team crafts a customized design plan. This approach proves you don't have to sacrifice comfort for sustainability. It's easy to get caught up in the excitement of design possibilities, but it's crucial to have a realistic budget and include a contingency fund for unexpected expenses. Custom design-build services From the initial idea to the final touches, they've got you covered.

You'll find our approach combines innovative solutions with time-tested techniques, ensuring your space not only looks fantastic but also serves you well for years to come. Renovations can be daunting, but with the right team, you'll navigate these hurdles with ease. Understanding your home's unique character, we tailor our renovation solutions to perfectly match your vision and needs. We don't stop at materials, though.

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Our team understands the importance of not only making your home look good but ensuring it functions well too. Sarah M., a recent client, couldn't stop praising the team. 'They transformed our kitchen while keeping sustainability at the forefront. Once you give the green light, our team swings into action, obtaining necessary permits to ensure your project complies with local regulations and standards. You're not just another project to us; you're a partner in creating the home of your dreams.

Smart homes are evolving beyond convenience, offering solutions that anticipate your needs before you even realize them. Whether you're dreaming of a modern minimalist kitchen, a luxurious bathroom retreat, or a cozy, multifunctional living area, we've got the expertise to bring those dreams to life. Plus, we're big on insulation. Whether it's a luxurious walk-in shower, a statement-making vanity, or ambient lighting that sets the perfect mood, they've got the skills to bring your dream bathroom to life.

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You're not just hiring a team; you're partnering with a dedicated group of professionals who've spent years honing their craft.

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It's not just about aesthetics; it's about creating environments that enhance your daily life. Home layout redesign What sets Canyon Property apart is their commitment to not just meeting, but exceeding your expectations. Canyon Property Projects lists their phone number prominently on their site. This tech-savvy approach minimizes delays and ensures your renovation is completed to the highest standards.

You'll feel good knowing your updated space contributes to a healthier planet. They understand that a bathroom renovation isn't just about aesthetics but also about functionality. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. doesn't just renovate homes; they build dreams. The owner, an avid cook, couldn't be happier, telling us it's changed the way they use their home.

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Water conservation is another key aspect. This isn't a one-size-fits-all approach. Another mistake is neglecting proper planning. Canyon Property transforms your kitchen into the heart of your home with expert remodeling services tailored to your style and needs.

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We're not just building or renovating a space; we're bringing your dream home to life, and our project management expertise guarantees we'll do it right, on time, and within budget.

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You can trust them to handle every detail with precision, from securing the necessary permits to coordinating with skilled tradespeople. At Canyon Property Projects, we understand that every homeowner has a unique dream for their space. They focus on using eco-friendly materials that are both durable and sustainable.

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As we peel back the layers of Canyon Property Projects' success story, you'll discover there's more than meets the eye, inviting you to explore how they've become a pillar in Home Renovation Projects Surrey's home renovation scene. Plus, their attention to detail is second to none. We've integrated state-of-the-art project management tools that provide you with real-time updates on your project's progress. Energy efficiency upgrades are another new area we're passionate about. You'll notice the difference this makes the moment you step into a space transformed by Canyon Property Projects.

From the initial concept to the final touches, our tailored design solutions are about making your home uniquely yours.

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You'll find that our team doesn't just manage tasks; we anticipate challenges, communicate proactively, and adapt swiftly to any changes, ensuring minimal disruption to your daily life. So, when you're ready to step into the future of home renovation, let Canyon Property Projects be your guide. Soaking tub installation Embarking on your renovation journey with Canyon Property Projects is a straightforward process designed to meet your specific needs. Tile installation services

In essence, you've shown that building community trust isn't just a byproduct of doing business; it's a deliberate and integral part of how Canyon Property Projects operates. By choosing Canyon Property Projects, you're opting for a renovation that respects the environment while enhancing your living space. They're not just about knocking down walls or upgrading fixtures; they're about reimagining your living spaces to make them more versatile and functional. Our project managers are seasoned pros, adept at navigating the complexities of renovation projects, ensuring that resources are allocated wisely, and work progresses without a hitch.

From initial design consultation to the final touches, we're with you every step of the way. Engaging with them on these platforms can also be a great way to start a conversation about your renovation needs. You're not just another client; you're a partner in the creative process. We're looking for anything that might affect the renovation, from structural issues to potential enhancements.

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Trust us to transform your home with custom solutions that blend beauty, functionality, and durability. They're not just renovations; they're transformations that enhance lives, proving you're making the right choice with Canyon Property Projects. Canyon prides itself on keeping you informed and involved, making sure your renovation is tailored just for you. Permit and code compliance Explore Home Renovation Projects Surrey here They then use this insight to create a customized design plan that not only meets but exceeds your expectations. Custom home remodeling
Let's transform your space into the home of your dreams, where every detail reflects your personal style and meets your everyday needs. Basement suite construction Attic renovation Canyon Property Projects' team excels in expertly managing your renovation project, ensuring efficiency and quality from conception to completion. Our skilled craftsmen take pride in their work, paying close attention to every detail to ensure the final product is nothing short of perfection.
Our goal is to make every inch of your home work for you, ensuring it meets your lifestyle needs while also adding value. Understanding your unique style and preferences is at the heart of our personalized design approach, ensuring your renovation truly reflects who you are. Read more about Home Renovation Projects Surrey here Whether you're dreaming of a modern kitchen makeover, an expansive new living area, or a luxurious bathroom upgrade, we've got the expertise to bring your vision to life.
The process is straightforward and designed to ensure your experience is as seamless and stress-free as possible. Let Canyon Property Projects guide you through a full-scale renovation that turns your current house into the dream home you've always wanted. One standout example is the complete overhaul of a 1960s bungalow into a modern, energy-efficient family home.

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A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

[edit]

A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

[edit]

In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

[edit]

In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

[edit]

Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

[edit]

Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

[edit]

Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

[edit]

A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

[edit]

Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

[edit]

Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

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