Surrey Property Makeover

Surrey Property Makeover

Home improvement services

You're witnessing a revolution in home living, where traditional spaces are being reimagined into modern sanctuaries that cater not just to aesthetic desires but to practical needs as well. It's not just about aesthetics; it's about creating a space that enhances your quality of life every single day. Learn more about Surrey Property Makeover here Our skilled craftsmen are dedicated to quality, paying close attention to every detail, ensuring every aspect of the renovation exceeds your expectations. Learn more about Home Remodeling Services in Surrey, BC here. We provide regular updates and are always available to answer your questions. They'll work with you to incorporate renewable energy solutions, like solar panels, into your design if that's your goal.
We're committed to not just meeting, but exceeding your expectations, ensuring that every detail, no matter how small, is perfect. This approach not only keeps your home organized but also allows for easy transitions between different uses of a space. They're not just thinking about aesthetics; they're considering functionality, flow, and how each element of the design will enhance your daily life. Whether you're dreaming of a sleek, modern design or a cozy, traditional feel, they've got the skills and resources to bring your vision to life.
Alternatively, personal loans can fill the gap. Firstly, visit their website to fill out a contact form. Your vision becomes our blueprint during our tailored design process, ensuring every detail reflects your personal style and needs. They also use 3D modeling software, giving you a virtual tour of your future home before the first hammer swings.
At Canyon Property Projects, we understand that managing a home renovation can feel like steering a ship through a storm. Throughout the renovation, you'll be in constant communication with our project manager, keeping you updated on progress and any adjustments needed along the way.

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You'll find our services cater to a broad spectrum. With Canyon Property Projects, overcoming these challenges is part of the journey to creating your dream home.

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Once the plan's set, we'll guide you through the selection of materials and finishes, balancing quality with your budget.

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Furthermore, we use only the highest quality materials and the latest technologies to deliver superior results that not only look beautiful but are also built to last. You're always just a call or click away from starting your home renovation journey. If you're intrigued by the prospect of elevating your home with innovative and thoughtful designs, you'll want to discover more about how Canyon Property Projects Ltd can bring your vision to life. They recognize that no two projects are the same, and your vision requires a bespoke plan to bring it to life.

You'll notice kitchens that have been expanded and modernized, living spaces that have been reimagined for comfort and functionality, and exteriors that have been upgraded to enhance curb appeal and durability. After we've got all the details down, it's time to design. At the helm, we've got Alex Johnson, our visionary founder and lead architect, who's spent over two decades perfecting the art of transforming spaces into bespoke living experiences. We meticulously oversee every detail, ensuring the workmanship meets our exacting standards-and yours.

We restored its original features while integrating smart home technology, making it the perfect blend of old charm and modern convenience.

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As you contemplate giving your space a facelift or embarking on a more ambitious renovation journey, understanding what sets Canyon apart in an industry rife with tales of woe could be the first step towards a successful partnership. Experienced renovation team Surrey Whether you're looking to update a single room or undertake a full-scale renovation, they work with you to find cost-effective solutions that meet your goals and financial parameters. Our team at Canyon Property Projects doesn't just follow the latest trends; we're setting them.

It's this blend of skilled craftsmanship and personalized service that turns your house into the dream home you've always wanted. You've also made significant contributions to local causes and events, further embedding yourselves within the community fabric. House remodeling experts Transparency is key, so you'll never be left in the dark about the progress of your renovation. Behind every successful renovation project lies a team of skilled professionals dedicated to bringing your vision to life.

Citations and other links

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Jack's hands-on approach guarantees that every renovation isn't just visually stunning but built to last, marrying craftsmanship with eco-friendly practices.

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Don't overlook this; it can prevent stressful financial surprises down the line. But it's not just the visual impact that's remarkable. You'll receive a detailed breakdown of costs and a realistic project timeline, so you know exactly what to expect. Renovation contractors

Whether you're dreaming of a modern, open-concept kitchen where you can host dinner parties, a serene bathroom oasis for relaxation, or a functional and stylish home office, Canyon Property has got you covered. Lastly, don't overlook government loans or grants, especially if your project includes energy-efficient upgrades. Firstly, consider a home equity loan or line of credit.

Building on the revolution in home living, the focus now shifts to creating unique designs that reflect your personal style and meet your specific needs. Take your time to design a comprehensive plan with Canyon Property Projects, considering every aspect of the renovation, from materials to timelines. Hearing directly from satisfied customers, you'll quickly realize why Canyon Property is the go-to choice for eco-conscious home renovations in Surrey Property Makeover.

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Don't forget to check out their social media profiles. Crown molding installation Their ability to consistently exceed expectations is what sets them apart in the competitive renovation industry. This isn't just about completing a project; it's about creating a space that feels like a true extension of you and your lifestyle.

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From architects and designers who sketch your dreams onto paper to the craftsmen and builders who turn those sketches into reality, every member plays a crucial role. Canyon Property Projects doesn't just renovate homes; they're building a community legacy that will stand the test of time. Having introduced our expert team, let's now explore how their skills converge in the realm of project management excellence to bring your renovation project to seamless fruition. Dreaming of unique lighting fixtures? They understand that you've got expectations and constraints, and they're committed to delivering your project on time and within your financial plan.

They dive deep into the aesthetics, from sleek, contemporary designs to classic elegance, ensuring every detail aligns with your vision. Another homeowner, Greg, mentioned, 'They transformed our outdated living room into a modern, cozy space. Plus, they offer detailed quotes that break down all aspects of your project, so you know exactly where your money is going. Choosing Canyon Property Projects means you're opting for a team that values excellence in project management as much as you value your home.

Our team works closely with you to ensure that every aspect of the renovation reflects your individuality and enhances your living space. They're committed to keeping you in the loop, ensuring that your project stays on track, within budget, and is completed to your satisfaction. They're not just about renovating homes; they're about building a stronger, more connected community. As we look ahead, the future of home renovation promises to revolutionize the way you live in your space, integrating cutting-edge technology and sustainable practices.

Whether you're dreaming of a modern kitchen makeover, a luxurious bathroom upgrade, or a full home renovation, we've got you covered. Landscaping and hardscaping Our project management ensures a seamless process, minimizing disruptions to your daily life. Just as a single stone can start an avalanche, Canyon Property Projects Ltd. has initiated a seismic shift in Surrey Property Makeover's home renovation landscape. They used sustainable materials and stayed on schedule and budget, a rarity in renovations.

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Their project management approach is hands-on and proactive. Water conservation is another cornerstone of our sustainable practices. Like a chef renowned for their signature dishes, Canyon Property Projects has carved out a reputation in Surrey Property Makeover as the go-to company for home renovations, blending quality craftsmanship with a personalized touch. Understanding the financial constraints and diverse needs of Surrey Property Makeover homeowners, they've structured their pricing to be as competitive and transparent as possible. This is where your feedback comes into play.

Share your inspirations, timelines, and budget right from the start. Moreover, Canyon Property prioritizes your renovation experience.

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Whether you're entertaining guests or spending quality time with family, an open concept can transform the way you interact within your home. Your project manager will guide you through each choice, ensuring you're aware of the most sustainable options available.

Safety and quality standards are our priority, ensuring a seamless transition from the old to your new, transformed space. You'll find comfort in knowing that we're always up-to-date with the latest building codes, materials, and trends, making sure your renovation isn't just aesthetically pleasing but also compliant and forward-thinking. Custom home remodeling It's a quick way to get your foot in the door and lets them prepare for your initial consultation. They plan meticulously to ensure materials are used efficiently, and what can't be used gets recycled, ensuring as little as possible ends up in the landfill. Surrey kitchen and bath renovations

You've seen the before and after photos, but it's the stories behind these transformations that truly speak volumes. You'll see their impact in the parks they've revitalized and the public spaces they've enhanced, all part of their commitment to give back. Canyon Property Projects isn't just transforming bathrooms; they're also revolutionizing kitchens into culinary paradises. They strive to complete projects on time and within budget, minimizing disruptions to your daily routine.

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Surrey Property Makeover House Improvement Services
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Our team employs advanced insulation techniques and energy-efficient windows to lower your home's energy consumption. They ensure your kitchen not only looks beautiful but also enhances your home's overall flow and efficiency. They'll guide you through selecting materials, colors, and finishes that complement your personal style while also advising on the latest trends and innovations. But it doesn't stop at the interior.

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For your convenience, Canyon Property Projects offers multiple ways to get in touch and flexible hours to fit your schedule. If you're contemplating embarking on a journey to revitalize your home, learning more about what sets Canyon Property Projects apart could be your first step towards a seamlessly executed dream renovation. Dive into a full-scale home transformation journey with Canyon Property, where every room gets a tailored renovation to suit your lifestyle and tastes.

Their meticulous attention to detail and commitment to customer satisfaction set them apart. Lighting upgrades You're not just updating your space; you're reimagining it to fit your lifestyle perfectly. What sets Canyon Property Projects Ltd. apart is their commitment to quality and attention to detail.

There are no surprises or hidden fees, just a clear, concise plan of action tailored to fit your budget and timeline.

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Surrey home renovation company We can replace windows, doors, and insulation to enhance your home's energy performance, saving you money in the long run and contributing to a healthier planet.

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They don't just change the aesthetics; they're redefining how personalized design solutions can significantly enhance your living experience.

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If you're inspired by the glowing reviews from Canyon Property Projects' satisfied clients, reaching out to start your own renovation journey is the next step. It's about bringing your vision to life with creativity, precision, and care. You'll soon be able to control and adjust every element of your house, from the wall colors and lighting to the layout, with just a few clicks on your smartphone or voice commands. We dive deep into the details, considering everything from the architectural style of your home to your personal aesthetic preferences.
Imagine stepping into a home that not only reflects your personality but also adapts to your lifestyle changes over time. Moreover, materials used in renovations will lean heavily towards sustainability. This means you can seamlessly blend the inside and outside of your home, creating a cohesive look that's both beautiful and functional.

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These testimonials from delighted customers illustrate why Canyon Property Projects is a preferred choice for homeowners in Surrey Property Makeover seeking reliable, high-quality renovation services. Your dream home is within reach, and they're here to guide you every step of the way. This means you're paying for the actual work and materials needed, without unnecessary markups or hidden fees that can often inflate renovation costs.
Getting started with them is straightforward and designed to align with your specific needs from the outset. Plus, they're upfront about costs and timelines, so there are no surprises along the way. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. doesn't just stop at aesthetics and utility; they're also committed to using sustainable materials and energy-efficient designs, ensuring your kitchen makeover is as environmentally friendly as it's beautiful.

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Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

[edit]

Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

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A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

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A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

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A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

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In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

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In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

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Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

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Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

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Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

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A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

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Frequently Asked Questions

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