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The design of the Navajo rugs tells you what exemplary craftsmanship looks like. Weavers of the ancient Navajo rugs had a lot of skills in weaving rugs. They knew all about beautiful and eye-catching design. Some even incorporated their personal touch into the overall design of the rug. Sometimes, the personal touch can be a symbol. Typically, you will see lightning bolts, sun rays, crosses, triangles, and other shapes and designs.
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Single Saddle Blankets were roughly 30″ square, and Double Saddle Blankets were of similar width, but about twice and long and were doubled over when in use to provide extra padding. Early saddle blankets often were woven in simple striped patterns, and double saddle blankets now are sometimes difficult to distinguish from Transitional wearing blankets.
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First, authentic Navajo rugs are made with a unique style of vertical loom that uses a continuous warp, which means the base wool yarn that is used isn’t cut off at the ends; instead, the warp thread goes from the bottom of the loom to the top, and then loops down to the bottom, then loops to the top and so on. The warp yarn creates the foundation of the Navajo rug, whereas the weft yarn creates the design pattern. Mexican looms are horizontally oriented and use multiple pieces of warp threads that are fringed on the ends. If you see fringed ends, you are likely looking at a Mexican-made rug with individual warp threads instead of a Navajo rug made with one, long continuous warp. (This rule does not always hold, though. Some early Navajo “Germantown” style weavings may have added fringe.)

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During the last two decades of the 19th century, most Navajo blankets were woven of spongy, loosely spun yarns most frequently dyed with aniline reds, oranges and yellows. Banded Blankets made with simple stripes of contrasting color were descendents of the earliest Navajo weavings. A more complicated type of design was derived from Hispanic Saltillo serapes which featured brightly colored patterns of serrated diamond shapes.
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Many people who would never visit the Reservation appreciated the exotic designs and laborious handcraftsmanship of Navajo weaving. Proponents of the Arts & Crafts design movement found that the bold, geometric designs harmonized beautifully with their simple furniture and handmade accessories. By 1896, C.N. Cotton, a trader in Gallup, New Mexico had issued a catalogue in an effort to expand his market to eastern retailers. Other traders, most notably Lorenzo Hubble at Ganado, Arizona and J.B. Moore at Crystal, New Mexico, followed up with their own catalogues in the early years of the new century, focusing specifically on rugs. Navajo weaving had quickly gained a national audience.


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All Navajo weavings require meticulous, manual craftsmanship in terms of artisanship. The weaver was part of a family that raised the sheep. It is a common practice today. Early Navajo weavings used special wool from the Churro sheep variety, which is known for its silky fibers and long life span. Later, the Navajo began to make rugs from other types of sheep. After the sheep have been sheared, the wool is washed, carded and spun by hand. Even today, Navajo weaver still use spinning wheels. Instead of stretching the wool and twisting it onto a spindle manually, they do so by hand. The blanket is then woven on the unique Navajo loom. The weaving of authentic Navajo rugs is a labour-intensive task. The weavers must not only raise the sheep, but also spin the wool. A large rug can be woven in a year.
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These were the most distinctive stripes among the hundred of others on the same rug. Also, the corners of Navajo rugs featured borders representing their culture, heritage, spirituality, and lifestyle. These borders displayed the stories of their lives through the small details. These rugs have a high level of durability because they are made with top quality wool and yarn. Due to their delicate construction, you should clean them by hand instead of using a washing machine.
